Exploring the Efficacy and Safety of Nutritional Supplements in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents one of the major challenges of modern medicine, with a growing impact on public health and healthcare systems. In recent years, dietary supplements use has been the subject of increasing interest as a complementary strategy for the prevention and treatment of the disease. : A Review of reviews was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and REAPPRAISED checklist to evaluate the efficacy and safety of supplement use in AD.

Simultaneous Medullary and Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas: Personal Experience Report and Literature Review.

While the frequency of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has increased in recent decades, both due to improvements in diagnostic procedures and a real, effective percentage increase in cases, the frequency of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), however, has remained almost unchanged, representing 3-5% of thyroid cancer cases. Our experience relates to the observation of cases with the synchronous presence of PTC and MTC, also in chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, and this led us to carry out a brief review of the literature on the subject, with the aim above all of identifying the most correct postoperative therapeutic process.

CD94-driven expansion of highly functional adaptive NKG2C NKG2A CD57 NK cells from CMV healthy donors.

Background: Adaptive human natural killer (NK) cells are an NK cell subpopulation arising upon cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. They are characterized by CD94/NKG2C expression, a mature CD57KIRNKG2A phenotype, a prolonged lifespan, and remarkable antitumor functions. In light of these features, adaptive NK cells represent suitable candidate to design next-generation therapies, based on their enhanced effector function which could be further boosted by Chimeric Antigen Receptors-engineering, or the combination with cell engagers.

Greener Microplastics Removal: Progressive Replacement of Iron-Based Coagulants with Sodium Alginate and Chitosan to Enhance Sustainability.

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) currently represent one of the main sources for microplastics (MPs) and other emerging contaminants entering the environment. Coagulation is a longstanding and cost-effective process designed to enhance the removal of colloidal particles and proved to be efficient in the abatement of MPs. The present study investigates the feasibility of a progressive replacement of ferric chloride (FeCl) with chitosan (CT) and sodium alginate (SA), starting from their use as coagulant aids.

Selective HLA Haplotype Loss in Npm1-Positive Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: A Model of Immunological Escape.

The exposure of cancer neoantigens to the patient's immune system by the HLA system sustains immune surveillance and shapes tumour clonal evolution. In acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), the mutation of Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) at exon 12 represents a driver mutation, raising a set of highly immunogenic peptides. Whereas the phenomenon of HLA loss is a mechanism of immune escape broadly described in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, less is known about this phenomenon at leukaemia diagnosis.

Chemotherapy induces myeloid-driven spatially confined T cell exhaustion in ovarian cancer.

Anti-tumor immunity is crucial for high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) prognosis, yet its adaptation upon standard chemotherapy remains poorly understood. Here, we conduct spatial and molecular characterization of 117 HGSC samples collected before and after chemotherapy. Our single-cell and spatial analyses reveal increasingly versatile immune cell states forming spatiotemporally dynamic microcommunities.

Seismic risk mitigation at Campi Flegrei in volcanic unrest.

Campi Flegrei is a densely populated volcanic area in Italy. Its inner caldera periodically experiences uplift and subsidence, known as bradyseism, also accompanied by seismic activity. In the last decade, with uplift rates up to 2 cm/month, about nine-thousand earthquakes were recorded.

Flexible 3D nanofiber-based SERS biosensor for detection of miRNA-223-3p in early Laryngeal Cancer diagnosis.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (18-22 nucleotides) that regulate gene expression and are associated with various diseases, including Laryngeal Cancer (LCa), which has a high mortality rate due to late diagnosis. Traditional methods for miRNA detection present several drawbacks (time-consuming steps, high cost and high false positive rate). Early-stage diagnosis and selective detection of miRNAs remain challenging.

Adverse food reactions and alterations in nutritional status in children with autism spectrum disorders: results of the NAFRA project.

Background: To assess the adverse food reactions (AFR) prevalence in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and in non-ASD healthy controls (NASD). Nutritional status alterations, food selectivity and adherence to Mediterranean Diet (MD) were also evaluated.

Methods: The NAFRA (Nutritional status and Adverse Food Reactions in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder) project was an observational, case-control, comparative study conducted at a tertriary center for pediatrics involving Caucasian patients of both sexes, aged 18 months-7 years, with a diagnosis of ASD, and matched NASD controls.

Comparative Performance of Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and Conventional Imaging in the Primary Staging of High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients Who Are Candidates for Radical Prostatectomy.

This prospective study aimed to (1) compare the diagnostic performance of Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT with respect to conventional imaging (computed tomography (CT) and bone scintigraphy (BS)) in the primary staging of high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) patients and (2) validate PSMA-PET/CT accuracy in pelvic nodal staging in comparison with postoperative histopathology and assess PSMA-PET/CT's impact on patient management. Sixty castration-sensitive high-risk (ISUP 4-5 and/or PSA > 20 ng/mL and/or cT3) PCa patients eligible for radical prostatectomy were enrolled (median PSA 10.10 [IQR: 6.

Developing endophytic Penicillium oxalicum as a source of lignocellulolytic enzymes for enhanced hydrolysis of biorefinery relevant pretreated rice straw.

Endophytic fungi, as plant symbionts, produce an elaborate array of enzymes for efficient disintegration of lignocellulosic biomass into constituent monomeric sugars, making them novel source of lignocellulolytic CAZymes with immense potential in future biorefineries. The present study reports lignocellulolytic enzymes production potential of an endophytic halotolerant Penicillium oxalicum strain isolated from Citrus limon, under submerged and solid-state fermentation (SmF & SSF, respectively), in the presence and absence of salt (1 M NaCl). The comparative QTOF-LC/MS-based exoproteome analysis of the culture extracts unveiled differential expression of CAZymes, with the higher abundance of GH6 and GH7 family cellobiohydrolase in the presence of 1 M salt.

Planning Benchmark Study for Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy of Pancreas Carcinomas With Simultaneously Integrated Boost and Protection: Results of the DEGRO/DGMP Working Group on Stereotactic Radiation Therapy and Radiosurgery.

Purpose: The proximity or overlap of planning target volume (PTV) and organs-at-risk (OARs) poses a major challenge in stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) of pancreatic cancer (PACA). This international treatment planning benchmark study investigates whether simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) and simultaneous integrated protection (SIP) concepts in PACA SBRT can lead to improved and harmonized plan quality.

Methods And Materials: A multiparametric specification of desired target doses (gross target volume [GTV], GTV, PTV, and PTV) with 2 prescription doses of GTV = 5 × 9.

Transcriptional and secretome analysis of Rasamsonia emersonii lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases.

The current study is the first to describe the temporal and differential transcriptional expression of two lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) genes of Rasamsonia emersonii in response to various carbon sources. The mass spectrometry based secretome analysis of carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) expression in response to different carbon sources showed varying levels of LPMOs (AA9), AA3, AA7, catalase, and superoxide dismutase enzymes pointing toward the redox-interplay between the LPMOs and auxiliary enzymes. Moreover, it was observed that cello-oligosaccharides have a negative impact on the expression of LPMOs, which has not been highlighted in previous reports.

Resorcinol as "endocrine disrupting chemical": Are thyroid-related adverse effects adequately documented in reptiles? In vivo experimentation in lizard Podarcis siculus.

The endocrine system and particularly thyroid hormones regulate almost all physiological processes in a timely manner in all vertebrates, from fish to reptiles to mammals, so risk assessment of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is extremely important given their persistent presence in all environmental matrices. Resorcinol, as well as nonylphenol, octylphenol, and bisphenol A, F, S, are non-Halogenated Phenolic (non-HPCs) Chemicals known as EDCs. Resorcinol is a particular example in that most studies are based exclusively on humans while animal studies are few and often inadequate.

Terrain, oceanographic, and biological factors underlying the development of Mediterranean coastal animal forests.

Marine Animal Forests (MAFs) form three-dimensional seascapes and provide substrate and shelter for a variety of species. We investigated the fine-scale distribution pattern of three habitat-forming species of the coastal Mediterranean MAFs: Eunicella cavolini, E. singularis and Paramuricea clavata, and assessed the influence of terrain, oceanographic, and biological factors on their distribution and the formation of MAFs in the central-northern Tyrrhenian Sea.

Human NK cells and cancer.

The long story of NK cells started about 50 y ago with the first demonstration of a natural cytotoxic activity within an undefined subset of circulating leukocytes, has involved an ever-growing number of researchers, fascinated by the apparently easy-to-reach aim of getting a "universal anti-tumor immune tool". In fact, in spite of the impressive progress obtained in the first decades, these cells proved far more complex than expected and, paradoxically, the accumulating findings have continuously moved forward the attainment of a complete control of their function for immunotherapy. The refined studies of these latter years have indicated that NK cells can epigenetically calibrate their functional potential, in response to specific environmental contexts, giving rise to extraordinarily variegated subpopulations, comprehensive of memory-like cells, tissue-resident cells, or cells in various differentiation stages, or distinct functional states.

Glyphosate Exposure Induces Cytotoxicity, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Activation of ERα and ERβ Estrogen Receptors in Human Prostate PNT1A Cells.

Glyphosate, the active ingredient of several broad-spectrum herbicides, is widely used throughout the world, although many adverse effects are known. Among these, it has been recognized as an endocrine disruptor. This work aimed to test the effects and potential endocrine disrupting action of glyphosate on PNT1A human prostate cells, an immortalized non-tumor epithelial cell line, possessing both ERα and ERβ estrogen receptors.

Identification and bioinformatic characterization of a serum miRNA signature for early detection of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: The growing understanding of cancer biology and the establishment of new treatment modalities has not yielded the expected results in terms of survival for Laryngeal Squamous Cell Cancer (LSCC). Early diagnosis, as well as prompt identification of patients with high risk of relapse would ensure greater chance of therapeutic success. However, this goal remains a challenge due to the absence of specific biomarkers for this neoplasm.

Exosomes multiplex profiling, a promising strategy for early diagnosis of laryngeal cancer.

Background: Exosomes are nanosized vesicles released from all cells into surrounding biofluids, including cancer cells, and represent a very promising direction in terms of minimally invasive approaches to early disease detection. They carry tumor-specific biological contents such as DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, and sugars, as well as surface molecules that are able to pinpoint the cellular source. By the above criteria, exosomes may be stratified according to the presence of tissue and disease-specific signatures and, due to their stability in such biofluids as plasma and serum, they represent an indispensable source of vital clinical insights from liquid biopsies, even at the earliest stages of cancer.

Electrolytes for Sodium Ion Batteries: The Current Transition from Liquid to Solid and Hybrid systems.

Sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) have recently garnered significant interest in being employed alongside conventional lithium-ion batteries, particularly in applications where cost and sustainability are particularly relevant. The rapid progress in NIBs will undoubtedly expedite the commercialization process. In this regard, tailoring and designing electrolyte formulation is a top priority, as they profoundly influence the overall electrochemical performance and thermal, mechanical, and dimensional stability.

Tissue expression of miR-449a as risk factor for occult neck metastasis in patients with cT3-T4 N0 laryngeal cancer. A pilot study.

Objective: To explore the potential role of miR-449a as biomarker for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), especially in the decision strategy of neck dissection (ND).

Methods: Each patient underwent total laryngectomy and bilateral ND (levels II-IV); during surgery, tissue samples of around 1 × 0.5 cm were extracted from both healthy tissue adjacent to the tumor and the visibly affected tumor tissue.

Genome and secretome insights: unravelling the lignocellulolytic potential of Myceliophthora verrucosa for enhanced hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass.

Lignocellulolytic enzymes from a novel Myceliophthora verrucosa (5DR) strain was found to potentiate the efficacy of benchmark cellulase during saccharification of acid/alkali treated bagasse by ~ 2.24 fold, indicating it to be an important source of auxiliary enzymes. The De-novo sequencing and analysis of M.

Serum Levels of Copper and Zinc and Survival in Breast Cancer Patients.

There is emerging interest in the relationship between several serum micronutrients and the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. The relationship between serum zinc and copper levels and breast cancer prognosis is unclear. In our study, we included 583 patients with breast cancer diagnosed between 2008 and 2015 in the region of Szczecin, Poland.

Chemotherapy induces myeloid-driven spatial T-cell exhaustion in ovarian cancer.

To uncover the intricate, chemotherapy-induced spatiotemporal remodeling of the tumor microenvironment, we conducted integrative spatial and molecular characterization of 97 high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) samples collected before and after chemotherapy. Using single-cell and spatial analyses, we identify increasingly versatile immune cell states, which form spatiotemporally dynamic microcommunities at the tumor-stroma interface. We demonstrate that chemotherapy triggers spatial redistribution and exhaustion of CD8+ T cells due to prolonged antigen presentation by macrophages, both within interconnected myeloid networks termed "Myelonets" and at the tumor stroma interface.