Mortality following the first hip fracture in Norwegian women and men (1999-2008). A NOREPOS study.

Hip fractures are associated with increased mortality and their incidence in Norway is one of the highest worldwide. The aim of this nationwide study was to examine short- and long-term mortality after hip fractures, burden of disease (attributable fraction and potential years of life lost), and time trends in mortality compared to the total Norwegian population. Information on incident hip fractures between 1999 and 2008 in all persons aged 50 years and older was collected from Norwegian hospitals.

Abdominal obesity increases the risk of hip fracture. A population-based study of 43,000 women and men aged 60-79 years followed for 8 years. Cohort of Norway.

Background: The question as to whether abdominal obesity has an adverse effect on hip fracture remains unanswered. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations of waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, and body mass index with incident hip fracture.

Methods: The data in this prospective study is based on Cohort of Norway, a population-based cohort established during 1994-2003.

Spinal deformities and lung function in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta.

Introduction: There are no larger studies of adults with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), focusing on the impact of spinal cord deformities on lung function assessment.

Objectives: To assess prevalence and severity of spinal deformities and lung function in an adult population with OI and to explore whether compromise of lung function correlated with deformities of the spine.

Methods: Ninety-two adults with OI had radiographs of the spine, 75 underwent spirometry.

Secular reduction of excess mortality in hip fracture patients >85 years.

Background: More than 20% of the hip fracture patients die within the first year after the incident. Few data are available on the trends in mortality following a hip fracture. The present aim was to study changes in excess mortality after hip fracture from 1978/79 up to 1996/97.

Hip fracture and other predictors of anti-osteoporosis drug use in Norway.

Unlabelled: This study aims to find predictors of anti-osteoporosis drug (AOD) use. Known risk factors of osteoporosis, i.e.

Hip fracture incidence is decreasing in the high incidence area of Oslo, Norway.

Unlabelled: This study reports a significant decrease in age-adjusted incidence rates of hip fracture for women in Oslo, Norway, even compared with data from 1978/1979. Use of bisphosphonate may explain up to one third of the decline in the incidence.

Introduction: The aims of the present study were to report the current incidence of hip fractures in Oslo and to estimate the influence of bisphosphonates on the current incidence.

Influence of socioeconomic factors on the adherence of alendronate treatment in incident users in Norway.

Purpose: To examine whether socioeconomic factors influence adherence to alendronate drug treatment among incident users in Norway during 2005-2009.

Methods: The study included 7610 incident alendronate users in 2005 (40-79 years), followed until 31 December 2009. Mean age was 66.

Bone mass, bone markers and prevalence of fractures in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta.

Unlabelled: Still little is known about the manifestations of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) in adults. We therefore initiated this study of bone mass, bone turnover and prevalence of fractures in a large cohort of adult patients. We found a surprising low prevalence (10%) of osteoporosis.

A population-based study of demographical variables and ability to perform activities of daily living in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta.

Purposes: To describe demographical variables, and to study functional ability to perform activities of daily life in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI).

Methods: Population-based study. Ninety-seven patients aged 25 years and older, 41 men and 56 women, were included.

Does body height reduction influence interpretation of lung function in COPD patients?

Vertebral deformities are prevalent in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and may cause excessive loss of height. As height is used for calculating reference values for pulmonary function tests, larger than normal height reduction could cause overestimation of lung function. In this cross-sectional study of 465 COPD patients and 462 controls, we explored how often lung function is misinterpreted due to height reduction in COPD patients, and whether the number or severity of vertebral deformities correlate with height reduction.

Outdoor air pollution, bone density and self-reported forearm fracture: the Oslo Health Study.

Unlabelled: Air pollution is associated with several adverse health outcomes and increased mortality. In the Oslo Health Study, an association between long-term outdoor air pollution exposure and bone health was suggested in men aged 75/76 years, but not in younger men or in women.

Introduction: Associations have been found between air pollution and a range of diseases, but few have studied whether bone health differs according to the concentration of air pollution.

Prescription of anti-osteoporosis drugs during 2004-2007-a nationwide register study in Norway.

Purpose: To assess 1-year prevalence, incidence rates and minimum refill of anti-osteoporosis drug use in Norway by age, gender and place of residence during 2004-2007.

Methods: Data from patients aged > or = 40 years receiving anti-osteoporosis drugs (AOD) were retrieved from the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD). AOD were defined as bisphosphonates (alendronate with or without cholecalciferol, risedronate, ibandronate and etidronate with or without calcium), raloxifene, teriparatide and nasal calcitonin.

Glucocorticoid replacement therapy and pharmacogenetics in Addison's disease: effects on bone.

Unlabelled: Context Patients with primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) receive more glucococorticoids than the normal endogenous production, raising concern about adverse effects on bone.

Objective: To determine i) the effects of glucocorticoid replacement therapy on bone, and ii) the impact of glucocorticoid pharmacogenetics.

Design, Setting And Participants: A cross-sectional study of two large Addison's cohorts from Norway (n=187) and from UK and New Zealand (n=105).

High prevalence of vertebral deformities in COPD patients: relationship to disease severity.

Bone mineral density decreases with advancing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity, but it is not known whether this is reflected in higher fracture rates. The present authors wanted to compare the prevalence of vertebral deformities in COPD patients with those in a population-based reference group to determine whether the number of deformities was related to the severity of COPD and how far the use of oral corticosteroids (OCS) influenced the prevalence of deformities. In the present cross-sectional study of 465 COPD patients and 462 controls, vertebral deformities were found in 31% of the COPD patients and 18% of the controls.

Weight change over three decades and the risk of osteoporosis in men: the Norwegian Epidemiological Osteoporosis Studies (NOREPOS).

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of weight in middle-aged men and subsequent weight change on the risk of osteoporosis three decades later. The authors utilized data from 1,476 Norwegian men participating in two health screenings in Oslo (1972-1973 and 2000-2001) and Tromsø (1974-1975 and 2001). Height and weight were measured at baseline and follow-up.

Change in the use of hormone replacement therapy and the incidence of fracture in Oslo.

Unlabelled: Fracture incidence in Oslo decreased from the 1970s to the 1990s in younger postmenopausal women, but not in older women or in men. Concurrently, hormone replacement therapy increased considerably. Using data from the Oslo Health Study, we estimated that roughly half the decline might be attributed hormone replacement therapy.

In vivo and in vitro comparison of densitometers in the NOREPOS study.

The purpose of this study was to assess the agreement of in vivo hip scans on 3 densitometers (1 GE Lunar DPX-IQ and 2 GE Lunar Prodigy scanners) and to evaluate whether the European Spine Phantom (ESP) was able to reproduce the in vivo variability. Sixteen subjects had 3 repeated scans (with repositioning) on each densitometer, and the ESP was measured on each densitometer at least 40 times. Mean differences between hip scans on the Prodigy scanners were small and insignificant, and the in vivo results were not significantly different from the in vitro results.

The Oslo Health Study: Is bone mineral density higher in affluent areas?

Background: Based on previously reported differences in fracture incidence in the socioeconomic less affluent Oslo East compared to the more privileged West, our aim was to study bone mineral density (BMD) in the same socioeconomic areas in Oslo. We also wanted to study whether possible associations were explained by socio-demographic factors, level of education or lifestyle factors.

Methods: Distal forearm BMD was measured in random samples of the participants in The Oslo Health Study by single energy x-ray absorptiometry (SXA).

Epidemiology of distal forearm fractures in Oslo, Norway.

Unlabelled: The population of Oslo has the highest incidence of hip fracture reported. The present study shows that the overall incidence of distal forearm fractures in Oslo is higher than in other countries and has not changed significantly when comparing the incidence of 1998/99 with 1979.

Introduction: The population of Oslo has the highest incidence of hip fracture reported.

Pakistanis living in Oslo have lower serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels but higher serum ionized calcium levels compared with ethnic Norwegians. The Oslo Health Study.

Background: Persons of Pakistani origin living in Oslo have a much higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism but similar bone mineral density compared with ethnic Norwegians. Our objective was to investigate whether Pakistani immigrants living in Oslo have an altered vitamin D metabolism by means of compensatory higher serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (s-1,25(OH)2D) compared with ethnic Norwegians; and whether serum levels of ionized calcium (s-Ca2+) differ between Pakistanis and Norwegians.

Methods: In a cross-sectional, population-based study venous serum samples were drawn from 94 Pakistani men and 67 Pakistani women aged 30-60 years, and 290 Norwegian men and 270 Norwegian women aged 45-60 years; in total 721 subjects.

Outdoor air pollution and bone mineral density in elderly men - the Oslo Health Study.

Unlabelled: The association between bone mineral density (BMD) and outdoor air pollution has not previously been explored. In this study including 590 elderly men, total body BMD was inversely associated with indicators of air pollution. Further studies to address any relation between air pollution and BMD and bone fracture are warranted.

Cross-sex pattern of bone mineral density in early onset gender identity disorder.

Hormonally controlled differences in bone mineral density (BMD) between males and females are well studied. The effects of cross-sex hormones on bone metabolism in patients with early onset gender identity disorder (EO-GID), however, are unclear. We examined BMD, total body fat (TBF) and total lean body mass (TLBM) in patients prior to initiation of sex hormone treatment and during treatment at months 3 and 12.

Biochemical markers of bone turnover and their relation to forearm bone mineral density in persons of Pakistani and Norwegian background living in Oslo, Norway: The Oslo Health Study.

Objective: To evaluate whether Pakistanis have increased bone turnover compared with ethnic Norwegians due to their high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism, and whether the relation between bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) differs between Pakistanis and ethnic Norwegians.

Design: A cross-sectional, population-based study conducted in the city of Oslo in 2000-2001. Random samples of 132 community-dwelling Pakistani men and women of ages 40, 45, and 59-60 years, and 580 community-dwelling Norwegian men and women of ages 45 and 59-60 years are included in this substudy.

Low bone mineral density is related to severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) appears to be associated with low bone mineral density (BMD). BMD loss can be accelerated by a number of factors associated with COPD, but it is not known whether COPD itself has a direct effect. Our aim was to investigate in a cross-sectional study whether COPD patients have lower BMD than healthy individuals, and whether the severity of the disease affects BMD.