Effects of repeated intra-silicone oil injections of methotrexate on proliferative vitreoretinopathy grade C: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

In this randomized controlled trial, we assessed the effects of three consecutive intra-silicone oil (SO) injections of methotrexate (MTX) on the outcomes of surgery for proliferative vitreoretinopathy grade C (PVR-C). Seventy-four eyes of 74 patients with PVR-C were included. Of these, 37 eyes were assigned to the MTX group and 37 eyes to the control group.

Age-Related Macular Degeneration Prevalence and its Risk Factors in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study.

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and determine its risk factors in Iran.

Methods: A comprehensive electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, with no restrictions on time or language of publication. Eleven studies meeting the eligibility criteria were included.

The Correlation of Global Burden of Vision Impairment and Ambient Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter.

Purpose: To assess the correlation between the worldwide burden of vision impairment (VI) and fine particulate matter (PM) 2.5.

Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, global and national prevalence and disability-adjusted lost year (DALY) numbers and rates of total VI, glaucoma, cataract, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease database.

Improvement of Tamoxifen Induced Foveal Cavitation with Topical Dorzolamide Therapy.

Purpose: To present a case of severe foveal cavitation and near complete macular hole secondary to tamoxifen toxicity that improved after tamoxifen cessation and topical dorzolamide therapy.

Methods: A 45-year-old female referred with bilateral tamoxifen maculopathy. Bilateral foveal cavitation, worse in the right eye (OD) with draping of the internal limiting membrane, was noted with baseline optical coherence tomography.

Improving diabetic retinopathy screening at the point of care: integrating telemedicine to overcome current challenges.

Objective: To investigate the utility of point of care screening of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the impact of a telemedicine program to overcome current challenges.

Methods: This was a retrospective study on people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were screened for DR using the single-field non-mydriatic fundus photography at the point of care during routine follow-up visits at endocrinology clinic. Retinal images were uploaded and sent to a retina specialist for review.

Clinical predictive factors and imaging biomarkers of treatment response to half dose PDT in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To determine the clinical and imaging biomarkers of the response to half-dose photodynamic therapy (HD-PDT) in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) METHODS: Clinical records and baseline ophthalmic images of 67 chronic CSC patients who underwent HD-PDT were assessed. In addition to demographic data, optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography (FA) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images were analyzed for specific biomarkers. The patients were categorized to early responder and late responder based on the time needed for complete resolution of subretinal fluid after PDT (less than 1 month vs.

Delayed-Onset Endophthalmitis after Intravitreal Aflibercept Injection.

Purpose: To describe delayed-onset infectious endophthalmitis 4 months after intravitreal aflibercept injection.

Methods: An 80-year-old female was referred with signs and symptoms of clinical endophthalmitis 4 months after intravitreal injection of aflibercept for choroidal neovascularization. Noninfectious causes of panuveitis were excluded and she was diagnosed with delayed-onset postinjection infectious endophthalmitis.

Unplanned Reoperation following Vitreoretinal Surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of unplanned return to the operating room following vitreoretinal surgery and assess the reasons.

Methods: In this retrospective case series, medical records of all patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgery were reviewed to determine the incidence and reasons of early (<30 days postoperatively) and late (≥30 days postoperatively) unplanned reoperations after the surgery.

Results: A total of 488 eyes of 468 patients with a mean age of 55.

Ocular safety of intravitreal ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA): An experimental feasibility study.

Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) is a chelating component that is able to diminish oxidative reactivity and can be a potential neuroprotective drug in various ocular diseases. For assessing the safety of intravitreal EDTA, 10 rabbits were allocated and divided into 5 groups. Right eyes of the animals received intravitreal EDTA (112.

Segmentation Error Correction of the Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Images in Peer-Reviewed Studies.

Purpose: To assess the percentage of published articles reporting optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) metrics regarding the report of segmentation error correction.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted using the PubMed database for articles on OCTA imaging published between January 1, 2015, and January 1, 2021. All original articles reporting at least one of the OCTA metrics were extracted.

Differentiating a pachychoroid and healthy choroid using an unsupervised machine learning approach.

The purpose of this study was to introduce a new machine learning approach for differentiation of a pachychoroid from a healthy choroid based on enhanced depth-optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) imaging. This study included EDI-OCT images of 103 eyes from 82 patients with central serous chorioretinopathy or pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy, and 103 eyes from 103 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. Choroidal features including choroidal thickness (CT), choroidal area (CA), Haller layer thickness (HT), Sattler-choriocapillaris thickness (SCT), and the choroidal vascular index (CVI) were extracted.

Retinotomy and Retinectomy in the Management of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Associated with Advanced Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy.

Purpose: To report the anatomical and functional outcomes of retinotomy and/or retinectomy for the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) complicated by advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).

Methods: In this retrospective study, the charts of patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy with retinotomy and/or retinectomy for the management of RRD complicated by PVR were reviewed. Primary outcome measures were final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and anatomical reattachment rate.

RETINAL VASCULAR BED AREA IN EYES WITH RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION ON ULTRA-WIDEFIELD FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY: WAVE Study.

Purpose: To compute retinal vascular bed area (RVBA) in square millimeters on distortion corrected ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography images in eyes with retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

Methods: Prospective observational study. The peripheral distortion of baseline ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography (Optos 200Tx) images of 30 patients with RVO from the WAVE study (NCT01710839) and 13 control eyes of normal subjects was corrected using the stereographic projection method to compute RVBA in square millimeters.

Accuracy of peripapillary OCTA in patients with acute nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of peripapillary optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) segmentation in eyes with acute nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and healthy eyes.

Method: In this retrospective study, en face OCTA images of the optic disc of healthy eyes and eyes with unilateral acute NAION were obtained. The disc boundary and radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) segmentation were generated automatically by the instrument software and then corrected by 2 expert investigators.

Intravitreal recombinant tPA before vitrectomy for diabetic tractional retinal detachment: A randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of intravitreal recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) injection before vitrectomy on surgical facility and outcome in diabetic tractional retinal detachments (TRD).

Methods: Prospective, randomized, interventional clinical trial. A total of 38 eyes with diabetic TRD were candidates for vitrectomy.

Baseline retinal vascular bed area on ultra-wide field fluorescein angiography correlates with the anatomical outcome of diabetic macular oedema to ranibizumab therapy: two-year analysis of the DAVE Study.

Purpose: To determine the relationship between baseline retinal non-perfusion area (NPA) and retinal vascular bed area (RVBA) on ultra-wide field fluorescein angiography (UWF FA) and long-term response to intravitreal ranibizumab therapy in diabetic macular oedema (DMO).

Methods: A post-hoc, 2-year observational case series. Baseline UWF FA images (Optos 200Tx) of 40 eyes from 29 patients with diabetes mellitus and treatment naïve DMO in the DAVE (NCT01552408) study were montaged and stereographically projected at the Doheny Image Reading Center to adjust for peripheral distortion.

Differentiating features of OCT angiography in diabetic macular edema.

The purpose of current study was to evaluate different optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) metrics in eyes with diabetic retinopathy with and without diabetic macular edema (DME). In this retrospective study, macular OCTA images of eyes with non-proliferative or proliferative diabetic retinopathy were evaluated. Vascular density, vascular complexity and non-perfusion densities were compared between eyes with and without DME.

Intravitreal Methotrexate.

Intravitreal methotrexate (MTX) has been proven to be an effective treatment for various intraocular diseases. In this article, a comprehensive review was performed on intravitreal applications of methotrexate. Different aspects of the administration of intravitreal MTX for various clinical conditions such as intraocular tumors, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and uveitis were reviewed and the adverse effects of intravitreal injection of MTX were discussed.

Optic Nerve Head Vessel Density Changes from Graves' Disease without TED to TED Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy: Does Optic Nerve Head Ischemia Play a Role?

Purpose: To compare the retinal peripapillary capillary (RPC) vessel density (VD) between 5 groups of patients on the spectrum of thyroid eye disease (TED).

Method: This is a prospective comparative study looking at 5 groups of patients who were consecutively included from January 2018 to March 2021. They were composed of: Healthy volunteers (39 eyes and 20 subjects), patients with Graves' disease without TED (26 eyes and 13 patients), mild TED (28 eyes and 14 patients), moderate-severe TED (30 eyes and 17 patients), and TED with dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) (21 eyes and 12 patients).

Global burden of paediatric vision impairment: a trend analysis from 1990 to 2017.

Objective: To assess the trend of paediatric visual impairment and its disparities by year, sex, age and national socioeconomic levels using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).

Methods: It is a retrospective analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017. Global and national DALY numbers and rates of vision impairment in three paediatric age groups of 1-4 (preschool children), 5-9 (school children) and 10-14 years (teenagers) years were obtained from the GBD 2017 database.

Spatial distribution of diabetic capillary non-perfusion.

Objective: To evaluate the distribution of capillary non-perfusion (CNP) in superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP and DCP) in eyes with diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: In this retrospective case series, macular optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images were obtained from eyes with DR without diabetic macular edema (DME). The area of CNP in SCP and DCP was delineated using an automated approach after excluding the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and major retinal vessels.

Evaluating Reading Performance in Different Preferred Retinal Loci in Persian-Speaking Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: To evaluate reading performance in different preferred retinal loci (PRLs) using a Persian version of a Minnesota Low Vision Reading (MNREAD) chart in Persian-speaking patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 35 patients with AMD were assessed. The reading performance was investigated by the MNREAD chart without using low vision aids.

Artifacts in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

We performed a comprehensive search of the published literature in PubMed and Google Scholar to identify types, prevalence, etiology, clinical impact, and current methods for correction of various artifacts in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images. We found that the prevalence of OCTA image artifacts is fairly high. Artifacts associated with eye motion, misidentification of retinal layers, projections, and low optical coherence tomography signal are the most prevalent types.