Clinical neuroscience and neurotechnology: An amazing symbiosis.

In the last decades, clinical neuroscience found a novel ally in neurotechnologies, devices able to record and stimulate electrical activity in the nervous system. These technologies improved the ability to diagnose and treat neural disorders. Neurotechnologies are concurrently enabling a deeper understanding of healthy and pathological dynamics of the nervous system through stimulation and recordings during brain implants.

Absence of familiarity triggers hallmarks of autism in mouse model through aberrant tail-of-striatum and prelimbic cortex signaling.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves genetic and environmental components. The underlying circuit mechanisms are unclear, but behaviorally, aversion toward unfamiliarity, a hallmark of autism, might be involved. Here, we show that in Shank3 ASD model mice, exposure to novel environments lacking familiar features produces long-lasting failure to engage and repetitive behaviors upon re-exposure.

Functional diversity for body actions in the mesencephalic locomotor region.

The mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) is a key midbrain center with roles in locomotion. Despite extensive studies and clinical trials aimed at therapy-resistant Parkinson's disease (PD), debate on its function remains. Here, we reveal the existence of functionally diverse neuronal populations with distinct roles in control of body movements.

Retinal Phenotype in the rd9 Mutant Mouse, a Model of X-Linked RP.

Retinal degeneration 9 (rd9) mice carry a mutation in the retina specific "Retinitis Pigmentosa GTPase Regulator (RPGR)" Open Reading Frame (ORF) 15 gene, located on the X chromosome and represent a rare model of X-linked Retinitis Pigmentosa (XLRP), a common and severe form of retinal degeneration (Wright et al., 2010; Tsang and Sharma, 2018). The rd9 RPGR-ORF15 mutation in mice causes lack of the protein in photoreceptors and a slow degeneration of these cells with consequent decrease in Outer Nuclear Layer (ONL) thickness and amplitude of ERG responses, as previously described (Thompson et al.

Methadone in pregnancy: clinical-toxicological aspects.

The authors describe their experience with methadone treatment in pregnancy. Thirteen abuser pregnant women were studied under defined obstetrical and toxicological protocol. Newborns were also included in this study.

[Evaluation of renal function in congenital cardiopathies in young children].

The authors evaluated some renal functional parameters of 23 children, the ages ranged 1 to 58 weeks; 8 were affected with cyanotic congenital heart disease and 15 with acyanotic forms. They showed the presence, already in this age, of some affections that are quiet similar to those affecting older children with heart disease. They tried to explain the renal functional deficiency in consideration of the literature data also.