Role of the Promoter Antisense RNA in Modulating the Schwann Cell Chromatin Landscape.

: Schwann cells (SCs) and their plasticity contribute to the peripheral nervous system's capacity for nerve regeneration after injury. The promoter antisense RNA (Egr2-AS) recruits chromatin remodeling complexes to inhibit transcription following peripheral nerve injury. : RNA-seq and ATAC-seq were performed on control cells, Lenti-GFP-transduced cells, and cells overexpressing Egr2-AS (Lenti-AS).

The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in the Growth of Cervical Cancer Cells.

Background/aim: Recently developed vaccines for the SARS-CoV-2 virus utilize endogenous production of the virus' spike protein (SP), allowing the host to develop an immune response. As a result of the novelty of this virus and its vaccines, little is known overall about the potential effects of the SP on the pathogenesis of neoplasia, either from vaccination or from infection. This study was designed to investigate whether SARS-CoV-2 SP has any direct effect on SiHa cervical cancer cells.

Design and implementation of community consultation for research conducted under exception from informed consent regulations for the PreVent and the PreVent 2 trials: Changes over time and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Emergency clinical research has played an important role in improving outcomes for acutely ill patients. This is due in part to regulatory measures that allow (EFIC) trials. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires sponsor-investigators to engage in community consultation and public disclosure activities prior to initiating an trial.

Transcriptome dataset of responses to varied microbial pathogens.

Transcriptome analysis through next-generation sequencing (NGS) is an invaluable tool for investigating changes in gene expression across diverse organisms. The nematode () serves as an excellent model organism for dissecting host responses to bacterial infections. Here, our dataset obtained from bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) can be used to provide in-depth characterization of the mRNA transcriptome profiles of wild-type N2 animals and null mutants of the cytoskeletal regulatory gene /Nav2 following exposure to distinct bacterial environments: their natural laboratory food source, OP50, the human and nematode pathogen PA14, and the emerging pathogen Ag1.

Percutaneous closure of subclavian iatrogenic injuries after central venous catheterization: a Latin American experience.

Introduction: Arterial injuries following central venous catheterization (CVC) range between 0.1%-2.7%.

Usability and acceptability of oral fluid- and blood-based hepatitis C virus self-testing among the general population and men who have sex with men in Malaysia.

Hepatitis C self-testing (HCVST) is emerging as an additional strategy that could help to expand access to HCV testing. We conducted a study to assess the usability and acceptability of two types of HCVST, oral fluid- and blood-based, among the general population and men who have sex with men (MSM) in Malaysia. An observational study was conducted in three primary care centres in Malaysia.

Country adoption of WHO 2019 guidance on HIV testing strategies and algorithms: a policy review across the WHO African region.

Objectives: In 2019, the WHO released guidelines on HIV testing service (HTS). We aim to assess the adoption of six of these recommendations on HIV testing strategies among African countries.

Design: Policy review.

Five questions on how biochemistry can combat climate change.

Global warming is caused by human activity, such as the burning of fossil fuels, which produces high levels of greenhouse gasses. As a consequence, climate change impacts all organisms and the greater ecosystem through changing conditions from weather patterns to the temperature, pH and salt concentrations found in waterways and soil. These environmental changes fundamentally alter many parameters of the living world, from the kinetics of chemical reactions and cellular signaling pathways to the accumulation of unforeseen chemicals in the environment, the appearance and dispersal of new diseases, and the availability of traditional foods.

Case report: Endovascular stent-graft repair of aortic penetrating trauma, literature review, and case report.

Penetrating aortic injuries are infrequent. Its incidence is unknown because most patients die of hemorrhage even before they receive adequate treatment. Aortic wounds generally require conventional thoracotomy/laparotomy repair and are related to high mortality rates.

Reflex Hepatitis C Virus Viral Load Testing Following an Initial Positive Hepatitis C Virus Antibody Test: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Many people who have a positive hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody (Ab) test never receive a confirmatory HCV RNA viral load (VL) test. Reflex VL testing may help address this problem. We undertook a systematic review to evaluate the effectiveness of reflex VL testing compared with standard nonreflex approaches on outcomes across the HCV care cascade.

Computationally Guided Synthesis of MXenes by Dry Selective Extraction.

MXenes are a rapidly growing family of 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides that are promising for various applications, including energy storage and conversion, electronics, and healthcare. Hydrofluoric-acid-based etchants are typically used for large-scale and high-throughput synthesis of MXenes, which also leads to a mixture of surface terminations that impede MXene properties. Herein, a computational thermodynamic model with experimental validation is presented to explore the feasibility of fluorine-free synthesis of MXenes with uniform surface terminations by dry selective extraction (DSE) from precursor MAX phases using iodine vapors.

Artichoke as a melanoma growth inhibitor.

Melanoma is the most lethal malignancy in skin cancers. About 97,610 new cases of melanoma are projected to occur in the United States (US) in 2023. Artichoke is a very popular plant widely consumed in the US due to its nutrition.

Cost-effectiveness of Hepatitis C virus self-testing in four settings.

Globally, there are approximately 58 million people with chronic hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) but only 20% have been diagnosed. HCV self-testing (HCVST) could reach those who have never been tested and increase uptake of HCV testing services. We compared cost per HCV viraemic diagnosis or cure for HCVST versus facility-based HCV testing services.

Impact of hepatitis C virus point-of-care RNA viral load testing compared with laboratory-based testing on uptake of RNA testing and treatment, and turnaround times: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Point-of-care (POC) hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA nucleic acid test viral load assays are being used increasingly as an alternative to centralised, laboratory-based standard-of-care (SOC) viral load assays to reduce loss to follow-up. We aimed to evaluate the impact of using POC compared with SOC approaches on uptake of HCV RNA viral load testing and treatment, and turnaround times from testing to treatment along the HCV care cascade.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for studies published in English between Jan 1, 2016, and April 13, 2022.

Liberation From Mechanical Ventilation in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit.

The prevalence of respiratory failure is increasing in the contemporary cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) and is associated with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. For patients that survive their initial respiratory decompensation, liberation from invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and the decision to extubate requires careful clinical assessment and planning. Therefore, it is essential for the CICU clinician to know how to assess and manage the various stages of IMV liberation, including ventilator weaning, evaluation of extubation readiness, and provide post-extubation care.

The Clinical Impact of Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair in the Management of Thoracic Aortic Diseases.

Purpose: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has been described to be superior to an open surgical approach, and previous studies have found superiority in TEVAR by reducing overall morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed to describe the outcomes of TEVAR for patients with thoracic aortic disease at a high complexity.

Materials And Methods: Descriptive study, developed by a retrospective review of a prospectively collected database.

Mediterranean Diet and its Effects on Silent Brain Infarcts in a Cohort of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.

Background And Aims: The benefits of Mediterranean Diet (MeDiet) in prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in general and ischemic stroke (IS) have been extensively studied and reported. We hypothesize that the consumption of nutrients typical of MeDiet would also reduce the rate of silent brain infarcts (SBI) among AF patients.

Methods And Results: Patients with a history of AF who scored 0 to 1 in the CHADS2 score, ⩾50 years and with absence of neurological symptoms were selected from Seville urban area using the Andalusian electronic healthcare database.

The past, present, and future of immunotherapy for bladder tumors.

Bladder cancer is a prominent cancer worldwide with a relatively low survival rate for patients with increased stage and metastasis. Current treatments are based on surgical removal, bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Immunotherapy, and platinum-based chemotherapy. However, treatment resistance due to genetic instability of bladder tumors, as well as intolerance to treatment adverse effects leads to the necessity to further treatment options.

Usability and acceptability of oral fluid hepatitis C self-testing among people who inject drugs in Coastal Kenya: a cross-sectional pilot study.

Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) are disproportionally affected by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and many remain undiagnosed. HCV self-testing (HCVST) may be an effective approach to increase testing uptake, but has rarely been used among PWID. We assessed the usability and acceptability of HCVST among PWID in Kenya.

Home-Based Respiratory Physiotherapy and Telephone-Based Psychological Support for COVID-19 Survivors in Peru: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Both pulmonary and mental health are affected following hospitalization for COVID-19 pneumonia. Pulmonary rehabilitation therapy has demonstrated benefits in improving mental health, but no validated combined programs that include mental health have been proposed.

Objective: This article presents the design of a trial that aimed to assess whether the participation in a combined rehabilitation program that includes home-based respiratory physiotherapy and telephone-based psychological support is associated with a greater improvement of pulmonary and mental health outcomes 7-12 weeks after COVID-19 hospitalization discharge compared with posthospital usual care provided by a public Peruvian hospital.

Usability and acceptability of oral-based HCV self-testing among key populations: a mixed-methods evaluation in Tbilisi, Georgia.

Background: Hepatitis C virus self-testing (HCVST) is an additional approach that may expand access to HCV testing. We conducted a mixed-methods cross-sectional observational study to assess the usability and acceptability of HCVST among people who inject drugs (PWID), men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender (TG) people in Tbilisi, Georgia.

Methods: The study was conducted from December 2019 to June 2020 among PWID at one harm reduction site and among MSM/TG at one community-based organization.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Point-of-Care HCV Viral Load Assays for HCV Diagnosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Despite the widespread availability of curative treatment with direct-acting antivirals, a significant proportion of people with HCV remain undiagnosed and untreated. New point-of-care (PoC) HCV RNA assays that can be used in clinical settings may help expand access to testing and treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of PoC HCV viral load assays compared to laboratory-based testing.

Subventricular zone adult mouse neural stem cells require insulin receptor for self-renewal.

The insulin receptor (INSR) is an evolutionarily conserved signaling protein that regulates development and cellular metabolism. INSR signaling promotes neurogenesis in Drosophila; however, a specific role for the INSR in maintaining adult neural stem cells (NSCs) in mammals has not been investigated. We show that conditionally deleting the Insr gene in adult mouse NSCs reduces subventricular zone NSCs by ∼70% accompanied by a corresponding increase in progenitors.

Exosomes/Extracellular Vesicles Containing GP63 Are Essential for Enhance Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Development Upon Co-Inoculation of and Its Exosomes.

Protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania are transmitted by the bite of infected sand flies leading to a wide range of diseases called leishmaniasis. Recently, we demonstrated that spp.derived exosomes/extracellular vesicles (EVs/LeishEXO) were released in the lumen of the sand fly midgut and to be co-egested with the parasite during the blood meal and that LeishEXO were found to stimulate an inflammatory response conducting to an exacerbated cutaneous leishmaniasis, also it was shown that these vesicles cargo important virulence factors like GP63.