Relation Between Multiplication of Venous Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure (PvCO2) and the Ratio of Gas Flow to Pump Flow (Ve/Q) with Hyperlactatemia During Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

Background: The incidence of hyperlactatemia due to hypoperfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) increases morbidity. Carbon dioxide production during CPB is one of the lactate production markers, in addition to other markers such as delivery oxygen (DO2), oxygen consumption (VO2), mixed vein oxygen saturation (SvO2), and oxygen extraction ratio (O2ER).

Method: This observational analytic study was conducted on 40 adult cardiac surgery patients using a CPB machine.

The effect of pectointercostal fascial block on stress response in open heart surgery.

Background: Activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and inflammatory processes are common forms of stress response. The increased stress response is associated with a higher chance of complications. Open hearth surgery is one of the procedures with a high-stress response.

Characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19 in Indonesia: Lessons from the first wave.

Background: Indonesia's national response to COVID-19 evolved rapidly throughout 2020. Understanding pandemic response and outcomes is crucial for better mitigation strategies ahead. This study describes the characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted to ICU during the early stages of the pandemic.

Methylene blue for vasoplegic syndrome in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: To evaluate the benefit of methylene blue as an adjunct treatment by assessing hemodynamic, morbidity rate, intensive care unit length of stay, and mortality rate outcomes in adult patients with vasoplegic syndrome.

Methods: A systematic search through electronic databases including Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and Medline for studies assessing the use of methylene blue in patients with vasoplegic syndrome compared to control treatments. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale tool was used for observational studies, and Jadad Scale was used for controlled trials to assess the risk of bias.