The improvement of biocompatibility by incorporating porphyrins into carbon dots with photodynamic effects and pH sensitivities.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising new treatment for cancer; however, the hydrophobic interactions and poor solubility in water of photosensitizers limit the use in clinic. Nanoparticles especially carbon dots have attracted the attention of the worlds scientists because of their unique properties such as good solubility and biocompatibility. In this paper, we integrated carbon dots with different porphyrins to improve the properties of porphyrins and evaluated their efficacy as PDT drugs.

Incorporation of green emission polymer dots into pyropheophorbide-α enhance the PDT effect and biocompatibility.

Background: A green emission up-conversion carbon-based polymer dots (CPDs) owned excellent photophysical properties and good solubility. Most photosensitizers (PS) are hydrophobic which limits their application in biomedicine. Herein we synthesized and integrated green emitting CPDs into pyropheophorbide-α (PPa) to improve the overall properties of the PS.

The Photodynamic Anti-Tumor Effects of New PPa-CDs Conjugate with pH Sensitivity and Improved Biocompatibility.

Background: Photodynamic therapy has been increasingly used to cope with the alarming problem of cancer. Porphyrins and their derivatives are widely used as Potent Photosensitizers (PS) for PDT. However, the hydrophobicity of porphyrins poses a challenge for their use in clinics, while most of the carbon dots (CDs) are known for good biocompatibility, solubility, and pH sensitivity.

Synthesis and in vitro PDT evaluation of red emission polymer dots (R-CPDs) and pyropheophorbide-α conjugates.

Carbon based polymer dots have piqued attention of researchers because of excellent biocompatibility, and good solubility. Most of the p-dots are able to generate ROS which is effective for photodynamic therapy for the treatment of cancer while some photosensitizers such as porphyrins possess some drawbacks such as hydrophobicity, and dark toxicity. Therefore in this study we conjugated red emission carbon based polymer with pyropheophorbide-α through amide condensation and π-π stacking.

Evaluation of antimicrobial photodynamic activities of 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives.

Background: Antibiotic resistance is increasing day by day, thereby increase the chances of more infections by resistant bacteria. In this situation, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is gaining more attraction.

Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial effect of ALA derivatives using photodynamic therapy.

Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of chlorin derivatives for photodynamic therapy of cholangiocarcinoma.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been developed as a promising therapeutic method in cancer treatment. The discovery of effective photosensitizer, which is the key factor of PDT, is highly desired. This paper reports the synthesis of novel chlorin derivatives, 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-[2:3]-[(methoxycarbonyl, carboxy)methano] chlorin I and 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-[2:3]- {[methoxycarbonyl, (2-hydroxyethyl)amide]methano}chlorin II.

Environment and air pollution: health services bequeath to grotesque menace.

The objective of the study is to establish the link between air pollution, fossil fuel energy consumption, industrialization, alternative and nuclear energy, combustible renewable and wastes, urbanization, and resulting impact on health services in Malaysia. The study employed two-stage least square regression technique on the time series data from 1975 to 2012 to possibly minimize the problem of endogeniety in the health services model. The results in general show that air pollution and environmental indicators act as a strong contributor to influence Malaysian health services.

Climate change and air pollution jointly creating nightmare for tourism industry.

The objective of the study is to examine the long-run and causal relationship between climate change (i.e., greenhouse gas emissions, hydrofluorocarbons, per fluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride), air pollution (i.

The challenges of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution through energy sources: evidence from a panel of developed countries.

The objective of the study is to investigate the long-run relationship between climatic factors (i.e., greenhouse gas emissions, agricultural methane emissions, and industrial nitrous oxide emission), air pollution (i.