Regulation of energy metabolism by non-coding RNAs in livestock species: a review.

The optimisation of livestock production relies on efficient energy metabolism. This review focused on elaborate regulatory processes governed by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). It explores the complex energy metabolism processes in livestock, elucidating the functions of ncRNAs in the expression of genes and pathways.

Multi-omics strategy reveals potential role of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factor genes responsible for Simmental diarrheic calves caused by .

() is reported to be an important pathogen associated with calf diarrhea. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factor genes (VFGs) pose a considerable threat to both animal and human health. However, little is known about the characterization of ARGs and VFGs presented in the gut microbiota of diarrheic calves caused by .

Genomic characterization, phylogenetic and expression analysis of foraging gene in Apis mellifera.

The genomic characterization of the foraging gene and its expression analysis are required to better understand the behavior of honey bees (Apis mellifera). The present study performed a genome-wide characterization of the foraging gene, analyzing its physicochemical properties, phylogenetic features, and expression. An in silico analysis was carried out to characterize the foraging gene and the motifs and conserved domains of the encoded protein to predict its physicochemical properties.

Potential of dietary hemp and cannabinoids to modulate immune response to enhance health and performance in animals: opportunities and challenges.

Cannabinoids are a group of bioactive compounds abundantly present in plant. The active components of cannabis with therapeutic potential are known as cannabinoids. Cannabinoids are divided into three groups: plant-derived cannabinoids (phytocannabinoids), endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), and synthetic cannabinoids.

Identification of phytochemicals as putative ligands for the targeted modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in animals.

The PPAR family of transcription factors are ligand-activated and regulate diverse functions including metabolic, neurological, and inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, fertility or reproduction in the body. Specifically, PPARα is known to play a role in reducing the levels of circulating triglycerides and regulating energy homeostasis in livestock animals. This study aimed to identify phytochemicals that could serve as ligands for modulation of the bovine nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) using molecular docking studies.

Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of the FGF gene family in buffalo.

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are important polypeptide growth factors that play a critical role in many developmental processes, including differentiation, cell proliferation, and migration in mammals. This study employs analyses to characterize the FGF gene family in buffalo, investigating their genome-wide identification, physicochemical properties, and evolutionary patterns. For this purpose, genomic and proteomic sequences of buffalo, cattle, goat, and sheep were retrieved from NCBI database.

Metagenomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the role of gut microbiome-associated metabolites in diarrhea calves.

Calf diarrhea is of great concern to the global dairy industry as it results in significant economic losses due to lower conception rates, reduced milk production, and early culling. Although there is evidence of an association between altered gut microbiota and diarrhea, remarkably little is known about the microbial and metabolic mechanisms underlying the link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and the occurrence of calf diarrhea. Here, we used fecal metagenomic and metabolomic analyses to demonstrate that gut microbiota-driven metabolic disorders of purine or arachidonic acid were associated with calf diarrhea.

Genome-Wide Identification, Evolutionary and Mutational Analysis of the Buffalo Sox Gene Family.

The Sox gene family constitutes transcription factors with a conserved high mobility group box (HMG) that regulate a variety of developmental processes, including sex differentiation, neural, cartilage, and early embryonic development. In this study, we systematically analyzed and characterized the 20 Sox genes from the whole buffalo genome, using comparative genomic and evolutionary analyses. All the buffalo Sox genes were divided into nine sub-groups, and each gene had a specific number of exons and introns, which contributed to different gene structures.

Evaluation of phytochemicals from as potential drug candidates to manage oxidative stress in transition dairy cows.

Dairy cows undergo immense stress and experience autoimmune reactions during the transition period, majorly due to the generation of ROS in the body. So, pharmacological approaches are needed to manage oxidative stress in the transition cows. Recently, the use of phytochemicals as feed additives in cows' nutrition has gained interest in managing various disease conditions.

Potential of as a feed supplement for poultry to enhance growth performance and immune modulation.

Increase in drug resistance as well as ineffective immunization efforts against various pathogens (viruses, bacteria and fungi) pose a significant threat to the poultry industry. Spirulina is one of the most widely used natural ingredients which is becoming popular as a nutritional supplement in humans, animals, poultry and aquaculture. It contains protein, vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, pigments, and essential amino acids.

Transcriptome Dataset Generation of the Swamp Buffalo Brain and Non-Brain Tissues.

The sequenced data availability opened new horizons related to buffalo genetic control of economic traits and genomic diversity. The visceral organs (brain, liver, etc.) significantly involved in energy metabolism, docility, or social interactions.

Effect of Sodium Nitrate and Cysteamine on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation, Amino Acid Metabolism and Microbiota in Buffalo.

Nitrate is used as a methane inhibitor while cysteamine is considered as a growth promoter in ruminants. The present study evaluated the effect of sodium nitrate and cysteamine on methane (CH4) production, rumen fermentation, amino acid (AA) metabolism, and rumen microbiota in a low protein diet. Four treatments containing a 0.

Comparative Genomic Characterization of Relaxin Peptide Family in Cattle and Buffalo.

Relaxin family peptides significantly regulate reproduction, nutrient metabolism, and immune response in mammals. The present study aimed to identify and characterize the relaxin family peptides in cattle and buffalo at the genome level. The genomic and proteomic sequences of cattle, buffalo, goat, sheep, horse, and camel were accessed through the NCBI database, and BLAST was performed.

Genetic variants of , and genes and their association with dairy production traits in Sahiwal cattle and Nili-Ravi buffaloes.

Milk protein genes are associated with milk yield and composition in dairy animals. The present study aimed to identify milk protein genes (, , , and ) genetic variants and their association with milk yield in Sahiwal cattle and Nili-Ravi buffaloes. One hundred animals from each species were selected to collect blood samples and milk production records.

Comparative Genomic Characterization of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins in Cattle and Buffalo.

The somatotropic axis consists of genes associated with economic traits like muscle growth and carcass traits in livestock. Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins () are the major proteins that play a vital role in the somatotropic axis. The present study performed a genome-wide characterization of genes in cattle.

Genomic analysis of arginine vasopressin gene in riverine buffalo reveals its potential association with silent estrus behavior.

Background: Poor estrus expression behavior causes suboptimal reproductive efficiency through poor conception rate. Various signaling pathways are involved in estrus expression but arginine vasopressin (AVP) gene with oxytocin predominantly regulates estrus behavior. This study aimed to perform genomic characterization and evolutionary dynamics of AVP gene through association testing of the novel polymorphic loci and comparative genomic analysis to explore the potential effect of AVP gene on estrus behavior of Nili-Ravi buffaloes.

Molecular Characterization of TGF-Beta Gene Family in Buffalo to Identify Gene Duplication and Functional Mutations.

The TGF-β superfamily is ubiquitously distributed from invertebrates to vertebrates with diverse cellular functioning such as cell adhesion, motility, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. The present study aimed to characterize the TGF-β gene superfamily in buffalo through evolutionary, structural, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) analyses to find the functional effect of SNPs in selected genes. We detected 32 TGF-β genes in buffalo genome and all TGF-β proteins exhibited basic nature except INHA, INHBC, MSTN, BMP10, and GDF2, which showed acidic properties.

Nutrigenomic Interventions to Address Metabolic Stress and Related Disorders in Transition Cows.

For dairy cattle, the period involving a shift from late pregnancy to early lactation termed transition or periparturient is an excruciating phase. Health-related disorders are likely to happen in this time frame. Timely postpartum and metabolic adjustments to this new physical state demands correct management strategies to fulfill the cow's needs for a successful transition to this phase.

Effect of Hydrogen-Consuming Compounds on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation, Fatty Acids Profile, and Microbial Community in Water Buffalo.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of hydrogen-consuming compounds on ruminal methane (CH) production, in vitro fermentation parameters, fatty acids profile, and microbial community in water buffalo. Different sodium nitrate to disodium fumarate ratios [2:1 (F), 1:1 (S), 1:2 (T)] were studied in vitro by batch culture technique in the presence of linoleic acid. Results revealed that the dominant bacterial communities were not affected with sodium nitrate and disodium fumarate, whereas CH production and Verrucomicrobia, Succiniclasticum, norank_f__Muribaculaceae, and Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 were reduced (P < 0.

Differential Effects of Natural Grazing and Feedlot Feeding on Yak Fecal Microbiota.

Variation in food and diet shapes the diversity of the gut microbiota of ruminants. The present study investigated the microbial diversity in the fecal microbiota of yaks reared under natural grazing and feedlot system. A total of 48 domestic yaks with an average age of 7.

Genome-wide analysis of runs of homozygosity in Italian Mediterranean buffalo.

Runs of homozygosity (ROH) are a powerful tool to explore patterns of genomic inbreeding in animal populations and detect signatures of selection. The present study used ROH analysis to evaluate the genome-wide patterns of homozygosity, inbreeding levels, and distribution of ROH islands using the SNP data sets from 899 Mediterranean buffaloes. A total of 42,433 ROH segments were identified, with an average of 47.

Whole-genome SNP markers reveal runs of homozygosity in indigenous cattle breeds of Pakistan.

The runs of homozygosity (ROH) were identified in 14 Pakistani cattle breeds ( = 105) by genotyping with the Illumina 50 K SNP BeadChip. These breeds were categorized into Dairy, Dual, and Draft breeds based on their utility and production performance. We identified a total of 10,936 ROHs which mainly consisted of a high number of shorter segments (1-4 Mb).