Effect of COVID 19 lockdown on medical education: A systematic review.

Objective: To evaluate the complications of e-learning during pandemic-led lockdown, its effect on medical students' learning, and to recommend practical solutions.

Methods: The systematic review comprised literature search on Google Scholar, Medline and Pubmed databases for studies published from 2019 to April, 2022. dealing with the effect of coronavirus disease-2019 on medical education.

Frequency of anti-HCV, HBsAg and related risk factors in pregnant women at Nishtar Hospital, Multan.

Background: Viral hepatitis is a global issue. Among the hepatitis viruses hepatitis B and C are important in South Asia including Pakistan. There are various modes of transmission of these viruses.

Postpartum cortical blindness.

A 30-years-old third gravida with previous normal pregnancies and an unremarkable prenatal course had an emergency lower segment caesarean section at a periphery hospital for failure of labour to progress. She developed bilateral cortical blindness immediately after recovery from anesthesia due to cerebral angiopathy shown by CT and MR scan as cortical infarct cerebral angiopathy, which is a rare complication of a normal pregnancy.

Herpes gestationis.

Herpes gestationis, also known as Pemphigoid gestationis, is a rare autoimmune disease of pregnancy. It is characterized by itching and skin lesions. The disease causes prominently maternal discomfort but fetal and neonatal complications have been reported.

Pregnancy and valvular heart disease.

Objective: To review all cases of valvular heart disease during pregnancy in a regional Saudi-Arabian population between 1993-1997, determine its incidence, contributing factors and its effect on the outcome of pregnancy.

Methods: A retrospective study of 33,200 cases between 1993-1997 performed over a period of 5 years in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Most patients were Saudi nationals (83.

Results of delivery in umbilical cord prolapse.

Objective: To review the peripartum clinical course of patients whose pregnancies were complicated by umbilical cord prolapse and to evaluate its impact on neonatal outcome.

Methods: All cases of cord prolapse managed in King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between 1990-2000 were identified. There were 111 patients identified among 55,789 deliveries.

A case of seven recurrent ectopic pregnancies.

If a woman with previous ectopic pregnancy ever gets pregnant again, the risk of a repeat ectopic pregnancy is said to be 4-fold. We present a rare case of 7 recurrent ectopic pregnancies in a 39-year-old Saudi woman, together with a literature review of the reproductive performance after recurrent ectopic pregnancy.

Transabdominal cervicoisthmic cerclage after multiple failed vaginal cerclages.

Cervical incompetence is a condition traditionally treated by cervical cerclage. We describe a patient who had 6 failed cervical cerclages and who was treated with transabdominal cervicoisthmic cerclage. There were no intra-operative or post-operative complications and the patient was regularly reviewed in the antenatal clinic by a senior physician and with a series of transvaginal ultrasounds.