Clinical Usefulness of Bright White Light Therapy for Depressive Symptoms in Cancer Survivors: Results from a Series of Personalized (N-of-1) Trials.

: Little is known about the effectiveness of bright white light therapy (BWL) for depressive symptoms in cancer survivors, many of whom prefer non-pharmacological treatments. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of BWL versus dim red light therapy (DRL) on depressive symptoms within individual cancer survivors using personalized (N-of-1) trials. : Cancer survivors with at least mild depressive symptoms were randomized to one of two treatment sequences consisting of counterbalanced crossover comparisons of three-weeks of lightbox-delivered BWL (intervention) or DRL (sham) for 30 min each morning across 12 weeks.

Effect of Depression Screening After Acute Coronary Syndromes on Quality of Life: The CODIACS-QoL Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and elevated depressive symptoms are at increased risk for recurrent cardiovascular events and mortality, worse quality of life, and higher health care costs. These observational findings prompted multiple scientific panels to advise universal depression screening in survivors of ACS prior to evidence from randomized screening trials.

Objective: To determine whether systematically screening for depression in survivors of ACS improves quality of life and depression compared with usual care.

Rationale, design, and baseline data for a multicenter randomized clinical trial comparing depression screening strategies after acute coronary syndrome: The comparison of depression identification after acute Coronary Syndromes-Quality of Life and Cost Outcomes (CODIACS-QOL) trial.

Background: Elevated depressive symptoms among survivors of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) confer recurrent cardiovascular events and mortality, worse quality of life, and higher healthcare costs. While multiple scientific groups advise routine depression screening for ACS survivors, no randomized trials exist to inform this screening recommendation. We aimed to assess the effect of screening for depression on change in quality of life over 18 months among ACS patients.

Behavioral economics implementation: Regret lottery improves mHealth patient study adherence.

Background: Nonadherence to study protocols reduces the generalizability, validity, and statistical power of longitudinal studies.

Purpose: To determine whether an automated electronically-delivered regret lottery would improve adherence to an intensive mHealth self-monitoring protocol as part of a longitudinal observational study.

Methods: We enrolled 77 adults into a 52-week study requiring five daily ecologic momentary assessments (EMA) of stress and daily accelerometer use.

Increasing the Precision of Hypertension Treatment Through Personalized Trials: a Pilot Study.

Background: There are substantial differences in the effects of blood pressure (BP) medications in individual patients. Yet, the current standard approach to prescribing BP medications is not personalized.

Objective: To determine the feasibility of individualizing the selection of BP medications through pragmatic personalized (i.

The Influence of Daily Stress on Sedentary Behavior: Group and Person (N of 1) Level Results of a 1-Year Observational Study.

Objective: The purpose of this study, which used mobile technologies to continuously collect data for 1 year, was to examine the association of psychological stress with objectively measured sedentary behavior in adults at both the group (e.g., nomothetic approach) and individual (e.

Using Behavioral Analytics to Increase Exercise: A Randomized N-of-1 Study.

Introduction: This intervention study used mobile technologies to investigate whether those randomized to receive a personalized "activity fingerprint" (i.e., a one-time tailored message about personal predictors of exercise developed from 6 months of observational data) increased their physical activity levels relative to those not receiving the fingerprint.

Comparison of Different Algorithms for Sentiment Analysis: Psychological Stress Notes.

To visualize and compare three text analysis algorithms of sentiment (AFINN, Bing, Syuzhet), applied to 1549 ecologically assessed self-report stress notes obtained by smartphone, in order to gain insights about stress measurement and management.

Treatment rates for PTSD and depression in recently hospitalized cardiac patients.

Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are common after evaluation for suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and are associated with poor prognosis. However, it is unclear whether patients discharged after suspected ACS access treatments for subsequent psychological distress. We examined self-reported rates of receiving psychotherapy and/or medication for psychological distress in patients one month after a suspected ACS event.

Dimensional structure and correlates of posttraumatic stress symptoms following suspected acute coronary syndrome.

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a heterogeneous construct, and some have suggested that PTSD triggered by acute coronary syndrome (ACS) may differ from PTSD due to prototypical traumas.

Methods: We conducted the first examination of the latent structure of PTSD symptoms after suspected ACS in 399 adults in the REactions to Acute Care and Hospitalization (REACH) study, an observational cohort study of patients recruited from the emergency department during evaluation for ACS. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we compared the 4-factor dysphoria, 4-factor numbing, and 5-factor dysphoric arousal models of PTSD.

Centralized, stepped, patient preference-based treatment for patients with post-acute coronary syndrome depression: CODIACS vanguard randomized controlled trial.

Importance: Controversy remains about whether depression can be successfully managed after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the costs and benefits of doing so.

Objective: To determine the effects of providing post-ACS depression care on depressive symptoms and health care costs.

Design: Multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Air trapping on chest CT is associated with worse ventilation distribution in infants with cystic fibrosis diagnosed following newborn screening.

Background: In school-aged children with cystic fibrosis (CF) structural lung damage assessed using chest CT is associated with abnormal ventilation distribution. The primary objective of this analysis was to determine the relationships between ventilation distribution outcomes and the presence and extent of structural damage as assessed by chest CT in infants and young children with CF.

Methods: Data of infants and young children with CF diagnosed following newborn screening consecutively reviewed between August 2005 and December 2009 were analysed.

Risk factors for bronchial hyperresponsiveness in teenagers differ with sex and atopic status.

Background: Sex-related differences in bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) have been reported in adolescents, but the mechanisms remain obscure.

Objective: To investigate the risk factors for BHR in the Raine Study, a community-based longitudinal birth cohort.

Methods: At 14 years of age, children underwent a respiratory assessment including a questionnaire, lung function testing, methacholine challenge, and determination of atopic status.

Evolution of pulmonary inflammation and nutritional status in infants and young children with cystic fibrosis.

Introduction: Improved nutrition is the major proven benefit of newborn screening programmes for cystic fibrosis (CF) and is associated with better clinical outcomes. It was hypothesised that early pulmonary inflammation and infection in infants with CF is associated with worse nutrition.

Methods: Weight, height and pulmonary inflammation and infection in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were assessed shortly after diagnosis in infants with CF and again at 1, 2 and 3 years of age.

Identifying peroxidases and their oxidants in the early pathology of cystic fibrosis.

We aimed to determine whether myeloperoxidase (MPO) is the main peroxidase present in the airways of children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and to assess which oxidants it produces and whether they are associated with clinical features of CF. Children with CF (n=54) and without CF (n=16) underwent bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for assessment of pulmonary infection and inflammation. BAL fluid was analyzed for MPO, halogenated tyrosines as markers of hypohalous acids, thiocyanate, and protein carbonyls.

Toward improved prediction of risk for atopy and asthma among preschoolers: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Atopy and asthma are commonly initiated during early life, and there is increasing interest in the development of preventive treatments for at-risk children. However, effective methods for assessing the level of risk in individual children are lacking.

Objective: We sought to identify clinical and laboratory biomarkers in 2-year-olds that are predictive of the risk for persistent atopy and wheeze at age 5 years.

Elucidation of asthma phenotypes in atopic teenagers through parallel immunophenotypic and clinical profiling.

Background: Current treatment strategies for asthma in teenagers derive primarily from information on chronic disease in adults. More detailed understanding of risk factors related to teenage asthma might aid in the development of improved preventive and treatment strategies for this age group.

Objective: We sought to identify biomarkers associated with asthma phenotypes in teenagers, particularly atopic asthma, and to identify markers that aid in discriminating between atopic subjects at high versus low risk of asthma.