Enhancing the antibacterial and surface hardness of glass ionomer cement modified with and Chlorhexidine: An in vitro study.

Objective: This laboratory study evaluated the effect of () root extracts and Chlorhexidine Digluconate (CHX) on the antibacterial and surface hardness properties of glass ionomer cement (GIC).

Methods: The in vitro experimental study was conducted at the Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan, from October 2022 to March 2023. There were a total four experimental groups.

Differences in various measurements on panoramic radiograph among erupted and impacted lower third molar groups.

Objective: To determine the differences in various linear and angular measurements between erupted and impacted lower third molar group on conventional panoramic radiographs.

Methods: The quasi-experimental study based on non-probability convenience sampling and done at the National Institute of Oral Diseases, Karachi, comprised 140 patients having full dentition with bilaterally present mandibular third molars varying between ages of 18-30 years. After clinical examination, 280 lower third molars were divided into two groups; Group A had erupted, while Group B comprised impacted mandibular third molars.