Milk of calcium (MOC) cysts masquerading as renal calculi - a trap for the unwary.

Milk of calcium (MOC) is a colloidal suspension of calcium salts occurring in calyceal cysts and diverticula. Although reported to be rare, in fact it seems to be more common than previously thought. It has characteristic appearances on plain x-rays, ultrasound, and CT imaging particularly in the prone and supine positions.

Management of encrusted ureteric stent and impacted stone in pregnancy - a challenging dilemma.

We are presenting an interesting case of impacted stone and stent in a pregnant patient. We have proved safe use of ureteroscopy and laser in pregnancy with minimal x-ray exposure.

Alkaline cystitis - a delayed presentation post transurethral resection of prostate. A case discussion and literature review.

Alkaline encrusted cystitis is a chronic inflammatory condition. It is rare now because of appropriate antibiotics. It is a challenging situation with regard to its diagnosis and management.

Use of X-ray fluoroscopy in orthopedic operations: The patient's perspective.

We collected data from 50 patients who had orthopedic trauma surgery involving X-ray fluoroscopy. All patients were interviewed post-operatively. The aim of the study was to find out what patients thought of orthopedic trauma surgery, the radiation involved, and their concerns post-trauma surgery.