Pulse cyclophosphamide therapy in refractory warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia: a new perspective.

Treatment of steroid refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is challenging especially with no evidence based consensus guide lines and limited resources. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pulse cyclophosphamide therapy in patients with severe refractory warm AIHA. The prospective study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of pulse cyclophosphamide-1 g/month for four consecutive months-in 17 patients (10 males and 7 females) with severe refractory warm AIHA [13 primary AIHA and 4 (females) secondary to SLE], all studied patients failed to respond to high dose of steroid therapy ± azathioprine ± intravenous immunoglobulin ± oral cyclophosphamide.

Empathy in undergraduate medical students of bangladesh: psychometric analysis and differences by gender, academic year, and specialty preferences.

Empathy is considered to be associated with better patient compliance, satisfaction, and clinical outcomes. The aim of the study is to measure and examine empathy among a sample of undergraduate medical students of Bangladesh. It was a cross-sectional study and all the medical students of first through fifth year enrolled at Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College during the study period of 2014 were surveyed.