Eligibility Criteria for Different Platinum-Based Chemotherapy Regimens in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma.

Introduction Bladder cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Treatment options for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) primarily include platinum-based chemotherapy. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is conventionally used for treating mUC, but many patients are ineligible due to various factors such as poor performance status, creatinine clearance, neuropathy, and cardiac function.

Correction: Gastrointestinal tract disorders classification using ensemble of InceptionNet and proposed GITNet based deep feature with ant colony optimization.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

White blood cell image analysis for infection detection based on virtual hexagonal trellis (VHT) by using deep learning.

White blood cells (WBCs) are an indispensable constituent of the immune system. Efficient and accurate categorization of WBC is a critical task for disease diagnosis by medical experts. This categorization helps in the correct identification of medical problems.

Gastrointestinal tract disorders classification using ensemble of InceptionNet and proposed GITNet based deep feature with ant colony optimization.

Computer-aided classification of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) has become a crucial area of research. Medical science and artificial intelligence have helped medical experts find GIT diseases through endoscopic procedures. Wired endoscopy is a controlled procedure that helps the medical expert in disease diagnosis.

Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (nTMS) based Preoperative Planning for Brain Tumor Treatment.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique for analyzing the central and peripheral nervous system. TMS could be a powerful therapeutic technique for neurological disorders. TMS has also shown potential in treating various neurophysiological complications, such as depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorders, without pain and analgesics.

Treatment response and recurrence of conjunctival melanoma with orbital invasion treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: case report and literature review.

Introduction: Conjunctival melanoma (CM) has genetic characteristics that are similar to primary cutaneous melanoma (PCM). The management of advanced CM with orbital metastasis was limited until the adoption of novel immunotherapy agents that significantly improved the survival of metastatic PCM.

Purpose: To review and compare the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment response in cases reported in the English literature with orbital involvement secondary to CM versus PCM.

PD-L1 is highly expressed in ovarian cancer and associated with cancer stem cells populations expressing CD44 and other stem cell markers.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including PD-L1 (programmed death ligand-1) inhibitors have well documented anticancer therapeutic effect in most types of cancers but its use in the treatment of ovarian cancer is not yet proven. The aim of our study is to explore the predictive biomarkers in ovarian cancer and its association with the outcomes. We have investigated the role of PD-L1 expressions in the tumor microenvironment cells including immune cells and cancer stem cells in different types of ovarian cancer.

Three-Dimensional Semantic Segmentation of Diabetic Retinopathy Lesions and Grading Using Transfer Learning.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a drastic disease. DR embarks on vision impairment when it is left undetected. In this article, learning-based techniques are presented for the segmentation and classification of DR lesions.

Metastatic Type II Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma With Recurrent Complete Responses to Sunitinib: A Case Report With a Literature Review.

Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) is a less common subtype of kidney cancer and is typically more resistant to systemic treatments. This report describes a patient with metastatic type II PRCC who experienced two complete responses (CR) to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) sunitinib. The patient remains on sunitinib with durable control of the disease.

The association between two genetic polymorphisms in and increase risk of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of the major complications in most cancer patients leading to poor prognosis and short survival. Several common clinical risk factors coexist in cancer patients are used as risk predictive biomarkers to help in the management and prevention of VTE. These include cancer site and stage, chemotherapy regimen and elevated biological markers.

An integrated framework for COVID-19 classification based on classical and quantum transfer learning from a chest radiograph.

COVID-19 is a quickly spreading over 10 million persons globally. The overall number of infected patients worldwide is estimated to be around 133,381,413 people. Infection rate is being increased on daily basis.

Sunitinib: An Unusual Cause of Pneumothorax in a Patient With Metastatic Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Spontaneous pneumothorax secondary to sunitinib, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitor, is an extremely rare side effect of this class of medications. In this report, we present the case of a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who developed bilateral pneumothoraces after starting on sunitinib. This case report recognizes pneumothorax as a life-threatening side effect of sunitinib.

The clinical significance of routine risk categorization in metastatic renal cell carcinoma and its impact on treatment decision-making: a systematic review.

To analyze responses to first-line metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treatment stratified by risk criteria. Clinical trials and observational studies of patients aged ≥18 years, published January 2005-May 2019, were identified via Ovid from MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Trials Register and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Data extracted included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR).

Performance Status Assessment by Using ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) Score for Cancer Patients by Oncology Healthcare Professionals.

Medical literature does not have clear consensus on inter-rater reliability of PS assessment by different oncology health care professionals (HCPs) although it plays an important role in treatment decision and prognosis for oncology patients. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) and Karnofsky performance status (KPS) scores are commonly used for this purpose by oncology HCPs around the world. This study was conducted to find variability or similarities in assessment of PS among the different oncology HCPs.

Identifying a Novel DPYD Polymorphism Associated with Severe Toxicity to 5-FU Chemotherapy in a Saudi Patient.

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the major enzyme in the catabolism of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and its prodrug capecitabine. We report a 65-year-old female with rectal adenocarcinoma who experienced severe toxicities secondary to standard dose 5-FU based chemotherapy. She was found to be heterozygous for rs371313778, c.

Update on the Treatment of Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma.

Platinum-based combination chemotherapy has been the standard of care in the first-line treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). Treatment of metastatic disease following progression on platinum-based regimens has evolved significantly in the last few years. Clinical trials are currently ongoing to determine how best to use and sequence these treatments.

Multifocal calcifying fibrous tumor at six sites in one patient: a case report.

Calcifying fibrous tumors (CFT) are rare benign tumors. They usually affect children and young adults and the incidence is equal in males and females. The usual clinical presentation is that of a painless mass.

Prevention of human papilloma virus infection with vaccines.

Human Papilloma virus (HPV) is present in all the cases of cervical cancer. It can also cause other diseases like genital warts, condylomata accuminata, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and Anogenital cancers. Cervical cancer is the second most common cause of death from cancer.

Mechanisms of resistance to antiangiogenesis therapy.

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from existing vasculature, plays an essential role in tumour growth, invasion and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the key factors responsible for its regulation. High expression of VEGF has been observed in many cancers, and is associated with worse survival.

Primary pancreatic leiomyosarcoma: a case report.

Background: Leiomyosarcoma are malignant tumours of the soft tissues. It is most commonly found in the stomach, small intestine and retroperitoneum. Primary pancreatic leiomyosarcoma is extremely rare and only 22 cases have been reported in the literature since 1951.

Tongue metastasis as an initial presentation of renal cell carcinoma: a case report and literature review.

Introduction: Primary tumour of the kidney metastasizing to the tongue is very unusual and only anecdotal cases have been reported. An exhaustive literature review covering the period from 1911 onwards disclosed 28 cases. Out of those, only 3 cases presented initially with tongue metastases before the diagnosis of primary renal cell carcinoma.

Hepatitis B virus and hepatocarcinogenesis.

Hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection is the commonest cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV DNA is the most important predictor of hepatocarcinogenesis in HB surface antigen positive patients. We reviewed the mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis on molecular level with a special emphasis on the role of X-protein.