Presentations of bladder exstrophy in a resource-limited setting and the role of Mainz II continent diversion for late referrals or failed primary closures: a multicentric report.

Primary closure techniques that have been updated and longterm follow-up for CBE (classic bladder exstrophy) may be out of reach for many patients living in resource-limited settings. Late referrals to medical care and primary closures that lack the necessary skills and facilities for comprehensive treatment are still common. Alternative and long-term surgical solutions may improve the lives of these unfortunate patients.

Pitfalls and technical errors in the first approach to neonates with anorectal malformations in a non-specialist context: can we do any better? A review from three Eastern African Centres.

Introduction: In sub-Saharan Africa, Anorectal malformations (ARM) are the most frequent cause of neonatal obstruction. Referral to a Pediatric Surgeon is frequently delayed. The first treatment is often delivered at not specialist level and mismanagement may result.

Neuroblastoma in Sudan: experience of a single institute.

Neuroblastoma (NBL) is the most common malignant solid extracranial tumour in children. It accounts for about 8%-10% of overall childhood malignancies in developed countries and only 1%-3% in developing countries. We aim to study the clinical presentation and outcome of NBL in children treated at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), University of Gezira, Wad Madani, Sudan.