A multilevel analysis of changing telehealth availability in opioid use disorder treatment settings: Conditional effects of rurality, the number and types of medication for opioid use disorder available, and time, US, 2016-2023.

Purpose: The opioid overdose crisis requires strengthening treatment systems with innovative technologies. How people use telehealth for opioid use disorder (OUD) is evolving and differs in rural versus urban areas, as telehealth is emerging as a local resource and complementary option to in-person treatment. We assessed changing trends in telehealth and medication for OUD (MOUD) and pinpoint locations of low telehealth and MOUD access.

Cigarette smoking and prostate cancer aggressiveness among African and European American men.

Purpose: Smoking is a modifiable lifestyle factor that has not been established as a prostate cancer risk factor, nor emphasized in prostate cancer prevention. Studies have shown that African American (AA) smokers have a poorer cancer prognosis than European Americans (EAs), while having a lower prevalence of heavy smoking. We examined the relationship between cigarette smoking and prostate cancer aggressiveness and assessed racial differences in smoking habits on the probability of high-aggressive prostate cancer.

Temporal Trends in Telehealth Availability in Mental Health Treatment Settings: Differences in Growth by State Rurality, 2015-2020.

We sought to investigate temporal trends in telehealth availability among outpatient mental health treatment facilities and differences in the pace of telehealth growth by state urbanicity and rurality. We used the National Mental Health Services Survey (2015-2020) to identify outpatient mental health treatment facilities in the US (N = 28,989 facilities; 2015 n = 5,018; 2020 n = 4,889). We used logistic regression to model telehealth, predicted by time, state rurality (1 to 10% rural, 10 to < 20%, 20 to < 30%, or [Formula: see text] 30%), and their interaction, and adjusted for relevant covariates.

Blunt and non-blunt cannabis use associated with cigarette, e-cigarette, and cigar initiation: Findings from the population assessment of tobacco and health (PATH) study.

Background: Smoking cannabis using a tobacco-derived cigar shell or wrap, called blunt smoking, exposes individuals to non-trivial amounts of nicotine. The extent smoking blunts impact the risk of initiating other tobacco products is not well understood. We investigated if past-year blunt smoking is related to the risk of initiating cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and cigars.

Nicotine Dependence among Current Cigarette Smokers Who Use E-Cigarettes and Cannabis.

Background: Co-use of tobacco and cannabis and dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes are very common among young adults. However, it is unclear whether co-use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and/or cannabis is associated with higher levels of nicotine dependence than cigarette-only use. We investigated the relationship between cigarette/nicotine dependence and co-use of tobacco and cannabis among 4 groups of cigarette smokers aged 18-35: cigarette-only smokers, cigarette-e-cigarette (CIG-ECIG) co-users, cigarette-cannabis (CIG-CAN) co-users, and cigarette-e-cigarette-cannabis (CIG-ECIG-CAN) co-users.

Impact of COVID-19 on the characteristics of opioid overdose deaths in Arkansas.

Background: In the US, spikes in drug overdose deaths overlapping with the COVID-19 pandemic create concern that persons who use drugs are especially vulnerable. This study aimed to compare the trends in opioid overdose deaths and characterize opioid overdose deaths by drug subtype and person characteristics pre-COVID (2017-2019) and one-year post-COVID-19 emergence (2020).

Methods: We obtained death certificates on drug overdose deaths in Arkansas from January 1, 2017, through December 31, 2020.

Neighbourhood context and binge drinking from adolescence into early adulthood in a US national cohort.

Background: Underage binge drinking is a serious health concern that is likely influenced by the neighbourhood environment. However, longitudinal evidence has been limited and few studies have examined time-varying neighbourhood factors and demographic subgroup variation.

Methods: We investigated neighbourhood influences and binge drinking in a national cohort of US 10th grade students at four times (2010-2014; n = 2745).

Neighbourhood disadvantage and depressive symptoms among adolescents followed into emerging adulthood.

Background: Residents of disadvantaged neighbourhoods report higher levels of depressive symptoms; however, few studies have employed prospective designs during adolescence, when depression tends to emerge. We examined associations of neighbourhood social fragmentation, income inequality and median household income with depressive symptoms in a nationally representative survey of adolescents.

Methods: The NEXT Generation Health Study enrolled 10th-grade students from 81 US high schools in the 2009-2010 school year.

State alcohol policies, taxes, and availability as predictors of adolescent binge drinking trajectories into early adulthood.

Background And Aims: A number of alcohol policies in the United States have been presumed to reduce underage youth drinking. This study characterized underage youth binge-drinking trajectories into early adulthood and tested associations with the strength of the alcohol policy environment, beer excise taxes and number of liquor stores.

Design: Longitudinal cohort study.

Correction to: When Marijuana Is Used before Cigarettes or Alcohol: Demographic Predictors and Associations with Heavy Use, Cannabis Use Disorder, and Other Drug-related Outcomes.

The original version of this article contained a mistake: The first sentence in the Results section of the Abstract should read as follows: "The proportion who had initiated marijuana before other substances increased from 4.4% to 8.0%".

When Marijuana Is Used before Cigarettes or Alcohol: Demographic Predictors and Associations with Heavy Use, Cannabis Use Disorder, and Other Drug-related Outcomes.

Recent loosening of state and federal policy restrictions on marijuana, along with changes in social norms regarding marijuana use and decreases in prevalence of other types of substance use, may lead to increases in youth initiating marijuana before other types of substances such as alcohol and tobacco. We investigated predictors and potential consequences of initiating marijuana before other drugs for youth aged 12-21-years in the USA. Nationally representative, cross-sectional survey data from the US National Survey on Drug Use and Health supplied self-reported age of first marijuana, cigarettes, alcohol, other tobacco, and other illegal drug use among 12-21-year-old samples from 2004 to 2014 (n = 275,559).

Does Starting to Smoke Cigars Trigger Onset of Cannabis Blunt Smoking?

Introduction: Among United States teens during the 1990s, increasing cigar use coincided with increasing use of tobacco cigar shells filled with cannabis, called "blunts." Cigar smokers are more likely to use cannabis, and we hypothesized that starting to smoke cigars might be a probabilistic "trigger" of blunt smoking. We turned to the case-crossover approach to evaluate this hypothesis.

Costs of substance use disorders from claims data for Medicare recipients from a population-based sample.

Medicare spending is projected to increase over the next decade, including for substance use disorders (SUD). Our objective was to determine whether SUDs are associated with higher six-year Medicare costs (1999-2004) among participants in the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Study. Medicare claims data for the years 1999-2004 from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services were linked to four waves of data from the Baltimore ECA cohort collected between 1981 and 2005 (n=566).

Polygenic Score × Intervention Moderation: an Application of Discrete-Time Survival Analysis to Model the Timing of First Marijuana Use Among Urban Youth.

The present study examines the interaction between a polygenic score and an elementary school-based universal preventive intervention trial and its effects on a discrete-time survival analysis of time to first smoking marijuana. Research has suggested that initiation of substances is both genetically and environmentally driven (Rhee et al., Archives of general psychiatry 60:1256-1264, 2003; Verweij et al.

Differences in alcohol use patterns between adolescent Asian American ethnic groups: Representative estimates from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2002-2013.

Objective: Studies have suggested that alcohol use prevalence is increasing among Asian American adolescents and there may be significant differences between specific adolescent Asian American ethnicities.

Method: Data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2002-2013) were used to estimate prevalence of alcohol use (lifetime, past-month, past-year) and problem (binge drinking, alcohol use disorder [AUD], and early initiation of use) outcomes among adolescent Asian American ethnicities.

Results: Filipino Americans had the highest prevalence of lifetime (29.

Usual Modes of Marijuana Consumption Among High School Students in Colorado.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of modes of marijuana consumption among Colorado youth and explore variation by demographics, access, substance use, and risk perceptions.

Method: Data are from a 2013 survey of Colorado high school students (N = 25,197; 50.5% female).

Trends in registered medical marijuana participation across 13 US states and District of Columbia.

Background: Medical marijuana (MMJ) laws and policies have evolved rapidly over the past decade in the United States. Public health concerns over the impact of these laws might be influenced by the degree of MMJ participation, but little is known about changes to this population over time. Trends in registered MMJ participation are described for 13 states in the US and District of Columbia (DC) since 2001.

Past 15-year trends in adolescent marijuana use: Differences by race/ethnicity and sex.

Background: The potential for increases in adolescent marijuana use is an important concern given recent changes in marijuana policy. The purpose of this study was to estimate trends in marijuana use from 1999 to 2013 among a national sample of US high school students. We examine changes over time by race/ethnicity and sex.

Cannabis problem experiences among users of the tobacco-cannabis combination known as blunts.

Background: In most of the world, cannabis smokers mix loose tobacco inside a joint, pipe, spliff, or cone. More recently, a 'blunt' formulation combines these two drugs by inserting cannabis into a hollowed-out cigar. Epidemiological research linking simultaneous use of these two drugs and the development of cannabis use disorders (CUD) remains unclear.

Are early-onset cannabis smokers at an increased risk of depression spells?

Background: A recent research focus is a set of hypothesized adult-onset mental health disturbances possibly due to early-onset cannabis use (EOCU, onset <18 years). We seek to estimate the suspected EOCU-associated excess odds of experiencing an incident depression spell during adulthood, with comparisons to never cannabis smokers and those with delayed cannabis onset (i.e.

Early cannabis use and estimated risk of later onset of depression spells: Epidemiologic evidence from the population-based World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative.

Early-onset cannabis use is widespread in many countries and might cause later onset of depression. Sound epidemiologic data across countries are missing. The authors estimated the suspected causal association that links early-onset (age <17 years) cannabis use with later-onset (age > or =17 years) risk of a depression spell, using data on 85,088 subjects from 17 countries participating in the population-based World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative (2001-2005).

Epidemiological evidence on count processes in the formation of tobacco dependence.

Introduction: Large-sample epidemiological studies of tobacco cigarette smoking routinely assess so-called "lifetime prevalence" of tobacco dependence. This work delves into the earliest stages of smoking involvement, focusing on newly incident tobacco cigarette smokers in the very recent past, and examines hypothesized subgroup variation in count processes that become engaged once smoking starts. Here, the term "count process" has two components: (a) whether smoking will be persistent and (b) the rate of smoking, conditional upon membership in a latent class of smokers who will persist, as estimated under the zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) model for complex survey data.

Wear debris from hip or knee replacements causes chromosomal damage in human cells in tissue culture.

Wear debris was extracted from 21 worn hip and knee replacements. Its mutagenic effects were tested on human cells in tissue culture using the micronucleus assay and fluorescent in situ hybridisation. The extracted wear debris increased the level of micronuclei in a linear dose-dependent manner but with a tenfold difference between samples.

Determination of tributyltin in marine sediment: Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de Matière (CCQM) pilot study P-18 international intercomparison.

The capabilities of National Metrology Institutes (NMIs-those which are members of the Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de Matière (CCQM)of the CIPM) and selected outside "expert" laboratories to quantitate (C(4)H(9))(3)Sn(+) (TBT) in a prepared marine sediment were assessed. This exercise was sanctioned by the 7th CCQM meeting, April 4-6, 2001, as an activity of the Inorganic Analysis Working Group and was jointly piloted by the Institute for National Measurement Standards of the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) and the Laboratory of the Government Chemist (LGC), UK. A total of 11 laboratories submitted results (7 NMIs, and 4 external labs).