Stabilizing Schottky-to-Ohmic Switching in HfO-Based Ferroelectric Films via Electrode Design.

The discovery of ferroelectric phases in HfO-based films has reignited interest in ferroelectrics and their application in resistive switching (RS) devices. This study investigates the pivotal role of electrodes in facilitating the Schottky-to-Ohmic transition (SOT) observed in devices consisting of ultrathin epitaxial ferroelectric HfYO (YHO) films deposited on LaSrMnO-buffered Nb-doped SrTiO (NbSTO|LSMO) with Ti|Au top electrodes. These findings indicate combined filamentary RS and ferroelectric switching occurs in devices with designed electrodes, having an ON/OFF ratio of over 100 during about 10 cycles.

The Rate of Postoperative Bile Leak in Minimally Invasive Liver Resection in Comparison With Open Surgery: A Systematic Review.

The rapid advances in laparoscopic surgery have meant that formerly complex techniques are now commonly performed via this method. These practices are now becoming increasingly popular in the discipline of hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) surgery. One such example is liver resection, which is the focus of our review.

Distortions to Passage of Time Judgements (POTJ) due to virtual threat are predicted by autonomic activation.

Humans' sense of the passage of time is subjective and determined by psychophysiological responses to the environment. The passing of time has been perceived to significantly slow in stressful situations, such as accidents or virtual threats. The current study will explore distortions in the perception of passage of time when threat is simulated using virtual reality (VR).

Investigating the exciton dynamics in InGaN/GaN core-shell nanorods using time-resolved cathodoluminescence.

This study examines the exciton dynamics in InGaN/GaN core-shell nanorods using time-resolved cathodoluminescence (TRCL), which provides nanometer-scale lateral spatial and tens of picoseconds temporal resolutions. The focus is on thick (>20 nm) InGaN layers on the non-polar, semi-polar and polar InGaN facets, which are accessible for study due to the unique nanorod geometry. Spectrally integrated TRCL decay transients reveal distinct recombination behaviours across these facets, indicating varied exciton lifetimes.

Atomic Structure and 3D Shape of a Multibranched Plasmonic Nanostar from a Single Spatially Resolved Electron Diffraction Map.

Despite the interest in improving the sensitivity of optical sensors using plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) (rods, wires, and stars), the full structural characterization of complex shape nanostructures is challenging. Here, we derive from a single scanning transmission electron microscope diffraction map (4D-STEM) a detailed determination of both the 3D shape and atomic arrangement of an individual 6-branched AuAg nanostar (NS) with high-aspect-ratio legs. The NS core displays an icosahedral structure, and legs are decahedral rods attached along the 5-fold axes at the core apexes.

Enhancing clinical and public health interpretation of accelerometer-assessed physical activity with age-referenced values based on UK Biobank data.

Background: Higher accelerometer-assessed volume and intensity of physical activity (PA) have been associated with a longer life expectancy but can be difficult to translate into recommended doses of PA. We aimed to: (a) improve interpretability by producing UK Biobank age-referenced centiles for PA volume and intensity; (b) inform public-health messaging by examining how adding recommended quantities of moderate and vigorous PA affect PA volume and intensity.

Methods: 92,480 UK Biobank participants aged 43-80 years with wrist-worn accelerometer data were included.

Development and evaluation of the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation to deliver Physical Activity in School Scale (COM-PASS).

Background: Teachers are recognized as 'key agents' for the delivery of physical activity programs and policies in schools. The aim of our study was to develop and evaluate a tool to assess teachers' capability, opportunity, and motivation to deliver school-based physical activity interventions.

Methods: The development and evaluation of the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation to deliver Physical Activity in School Scale (COM-PASS) involved three phases.

Interface Engineering of Water-Dispersible Near-Infrared-Emitting CuInZnS/ZnSe/ZnS Quantum Dots.

We report the synthesis of near-infrared (IR)-emitting core/shell/shell quantum dots of CuInZnS/ZnSe/ZnS and their phase transfer to water. The intermediate ZnSe shell was added to inhibit the migration of ions from the standard ZnS shell into the emitting core, which often leads to a blue shift in the emission profile. By engineering the interface between the core and terminal shell layer, the optical properties can be controlled, and emission was maintained in the near-IR region, making the materials attractive for biological applications.

The nucleosynthetic fingerprint of the outermost protoplanetary disk and early Solar System dynamics.

Knowledge of the nucleosynthetic isotope composition of the outermost protoplanetary disk is critical to understand the formation and early dynamical evolution of the Solar System. We report the discovery of outer disk material preserved in a pristine meteorite based on its chemical composition, organic-rich petrology, and N-rich, deuterium-rich, and O-poor isotope signatures. We infer that this outer disk material originated in the comet-forming region.

Move Well, Feel Good: Feasibility and acceptability of a school-based motor competence intervention to promote positive mental health.

Background: In response to the adverse impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown measures Move Well, Feel Good (MWFG) was developed as a school intervention using improvement of motor competence as a mechanism for promoting positive mental health. Study objectives were to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of MWFG and to describe changes in child-level outcomes.

Methods: Five northwest England primary schools were recruited.

Trait impulsivity influences behavioural and physiological responses to threat in a virtual environment.

Trait impulsivity represents a tendency to take action without forethought or consideration of consequences. This trait is multifaceted and can be decomposed into attentional, motor and non-planning subtypes of impulsivity. The purpose of the current study was to investigate how subtypes of trait impulsivity responded to different degrees of threat within room-scale virtual reality (VR) with respect to behaviour and level of physiological activation.

Associations Between Intersecting Sociodemographic Characteristics and Device-Measured Physical Activity Among Children and Adolescents Living in the United States.

Background: Despite robust evidence demonstrating sociodemographic characteristics may underly some of the disparities in physical activity observed among children and adolescents, the often-overlooked nexus of potential interactions between these characteristics warrants further exploration. This study explored the intersectionality of gender, race/ethnicity, parental education, and household income in relation to device-measured physical activity volume and intensity in a nationally representative sample of US children and adolescents.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from 3 cycles of the US National Health and Nutrition Survey (2011-2012; 2012 National Youth Fitness Survey; and 2013-2014) were used.

Characteristics of 24-hour movement behaviours and their associations with mental health in children and adolescents.

Background: Time-use estimates are typically used to describe 24-hour movement behaviours. However, these behaviours can additionally be characterised by other easily measured metrics. These include sleep quality (e.

Investigating Ecological Momentary Assessed Physical Activity and Core Executive Functions in 18- to 24-Year-Old Undergraduate Students.

Although evidence for young children (<10) and older adults (>64) highlights an association between physical activity (PA) and executive functions (EFs), there is a paucity of research on adolescents aged 18-24 years. Thus, this study examined the associations between PA and EF and the difference in EF between individuals who achieve the moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) guidelines and those who do not. Forty-seven participants engaged in a Stroop task, a reverse Corsi-block test, and a task-switching test, to measure inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, respectively.

Co-Creation of a School-Based Motor Competence and Mental Health Intervention: Move Well, Feel Good.

Low motor competence (MC) and inhibited psychosocial development are associated with mental health difficulties. Improving children's MC through school-based physical activity interventions emphasising psychosocial development may therefore be a mechanism for promoting positive mental health. This study describes and provides reflective insights into the co-creation of 'Move Well Feel Good', a primary school physical activity intervention to improve children's MC and mental health.

Phosphinecarboxamide based InZnP QDs - an air tolerant route to luminescent III-V semiconductors.

We describe a new synthetic methodology for the preparation of high quality, emission tuneable InP-based quantum dots (QDs) using a solid, air- and moisture-tolerant primary phosphine as a group-V precursor. This presents a significantly simpler synthetic pathway compared to the state-of-the-art precursors currently employed in phosphide quantum dot synthesis which are volatile, dangerous and air-sensitive, P(Si(CH)).

Nanoscale LiZnN - Luminescent Half-Heusler Quantum Dots.

Colloidal semiconductor quantum dots are a well-established technology, with numerous materials available either commercially or through the vast body of literature. The prevalent materials are cadmium-based and are unlikely to find general acceptance in most applications. While the III-V family of materials is a likely substitute, issues remain about its long-term suitability, and other earth-abundant materials are being explored.

Data on the effect of NbC inoculants on the elastic and microstructural evolution of LBP-DED IN718.

The use of inoculants added to precursor powder is a method of influencing grain growth during fabrication. Niobium carbide (NbC) particles have been added to IN718 gas atomised powder for additive manufacturing via laser-blown-powder directed-energy-deposition (LBP-DED). The collected data in this study reveals the effects of the NbC particles on the grain structure, texture and elastic properties, and oxidative properties of LBP-DED IN718 in the As-DED and heat-treated conditions.

A 24-h activity profile and adiposity among children and adolescents: Does the difference between school and weekend days matter?

Background: Twenty-four-hour movement behaviours are gaining attention in the research community. However, no study has addressed how 24-h activity profiles vary between structured and less structured days and whether an unfavourable activity profile is associated with childhood obesity. We aimed to analyse differences between school day and weekend day 24-h activity profiles and their associations with adiposity indicators among children and adolescents.

Complications in silane-assisted GaN nanowire growth.

Understanding the growth mechanisms of III-nitride nanowires is of great importance to realise their full potential. We present a systematic study of silane-assisted GaN nanowire growth on -sapphire substrates by investigating the surface evolution of the sapphire substrates during the high temperature annealing, nitridation and nucleation steps, and the growth of GaN nanowires. The nucleation step - which transforms the AlN layer formed during the nitridation step to AlGaN - is critical for subsequent silane-assisted GaN nanowire growth.

Reference values for wrist-worn accelerometer physical activity metrics in England children and adolescents.

Background: Over the last decade use of raw acceleration metrics to assess physical activity has increased. Metrics such as Euclidean Norm Minus One (ENMO), and Mean Amplitude Deviation (MAD) can be used to generate metrics which describe physical activity volume (average acceleration), intensity distribution (intensity gradient), and intensity of the most active periods (MX metrics) of the day. Presently, relatively little comparative data for these metrics exists in youth.