The surgical correction of Pierre Robin sequence: mandibular distraction osteogenesis versus tongue-lip adhesion.

Background: The authors present an outcomes analysis of mandibular distraction osteogenesis versus tongue-lip adhesion in the surgical treatment of Pierre Robin sequence.

Methods: A retrospective, 15-year, single-surgeon review was undertaken of all nonsyndromic neonates with Pierre Robin sequence treated with mandibular distraction osteogenesis (2004 to 2009; n = 24) or tongue-lip adhesion (1994 to 2004; n = 15). Outcomes included time of extubation, length of intensive care unit stay, incidence of tracheostomy, and surgical complications.

Patterns and implications of lower extremity injuries in a community level I trauma center.

This study examined specific types of lower extremity injuries, their treatment, and trends in length of stay (LOS) as seen in an academic community hospital. The authors' trauma registry was queried for lower extremity injuries requiring surgical intervention from 1992 to 2000. A total of 5567 patients were identified.

Facial reconstruction using a combined flap of the subscapular axis simultaneously including separate medial and lateral scapular vascularized bone grafts.

With the better understanding of the blood supply to the scapula, combined flaps of the lateral scapula along with the latissimus dorsi and/or serratus anterior are well known. The medial border of the scapula, in this respect, has been underused. The authors present a case report in which a conjoined combined free flap consisting of four free tissue transfers based on the subscapular axis was used in simultaneous reconstruction of a gunshot wound to the face.

Biochemical characterization and epididymal localization of the maturation-dependent ram sperm surface antigen ESA152.

We examine here the biochemical properties and epididymal localization of a maturation dependent ram sperm surface antigen. A monoclonal antibody, ESA152, identifies an antigen that is present on the surface of ejaculated sperm, but is absent from testicular sperm. Crosslinking of the ESA152 antigen with bivalent antibodies induces the acrosome reaction, redistributing the antigen into the anterior region of the sperm head where it associates with the fusion product of the plasma membrane and the outer acrosomal membrane.

Cross-linking a maturation-dependent ram sperm plasma membrane antigen induces the acrosome reaction.

ESA152 is a highly hydrophobic 18 kDa sialoglycoprotein, which becomes expressed on ram sperm in the proximal cauda epididymis. ESA 152 is expressed on all regions of the sperm surface, most strongly on the posterior region of the head, most weakly on the anterior region of the head. In this paper, we show that induction of the acrosome reaction with Ca2+ ionophore causes ESA152 to be redistributed from the posterior to the anterior region of the head plasma membrane.

Relationship of hemolysis buffer structure, pH and ionic strength to spontaneous contour smoothing of isolated erythrocyte membranes.

Isolated human erythrocyte membranes crenate when suspended in isotonic medium, but can use MgATP to reduce their net positive curvature, yielding smooth discs and cup forms that eventually undergo endocytosis. An earlier report from this laboratory (Patel, V.P.

Cation transport in oxidant-stressed human erythrocytes: heightened N-ethylmaleimide activation of passive K+ influx after mild peroxidation.

Normal and chronically dehydrated (hereditary xerocytosis) human red cells were subjected to mild peroxidative treatment (315 microM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 15 min) in the presence of azide. The subsequent expression of passive (ouabain-resistant) K+ transport activities was analyzed by measurement of 86Rb+ influx. Peroxidation of normal red cells did not affect basal K+ transport activity, but the increment in K+ influx elicited by 0.

Lateral regionalization and diffusion of a maturation-dependent antigen in the ram sperm plasma membrane.

We have used a monoclonal antibody ESA 152 in fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FPR) studies of a maturation-dependent surface antigen of ram sperm. The antibody is an immunoglobulin G secreted by a hybridoma derived from NS1 mouse myeloma cells. The ESA 152 antigen is not detectable in testicular sperm.

Relationship of major phosphorylation reactions and MgATPase activities to ATP-dependent shape change of human erythrocyte membranes.

Human erythrocyte ghosts prepared by hemolysis and washing in hypotonic Tris are crenated by salt and divalent cations, but undergo shape change to smooth biconcave discs and stomatocytic forms when incubated with MgATP at 37 degrees C. This is normally accompanied by protein and lipid phosphorylations in which the major phosphate acceptors are the spectrin beta-chain and inositol phospholipids, respectively. The system was manipulated in several ways to demonstrate the independence of ATP-dependent shape change from the major phosphorylation reactions.

Properties and characterization of vesicles released by young and old human red cells.

We have presently demonstrated morphologic differences between young and senescent red cells following 18 h of metabolic depletion in vitro. Young and old red cells both form echinocytes, whereas only young cells demonstrated myelin forms or microspheres. Furthermore, vesicles were released in greater quantities into the cell-free supernatant from young cells.

Inhibition of erythrocyte membrane shape change by band 3 cytoplasmic fragment.

The ATP-dependent transformation of crenated white human erythrocyte ghosts into smoothed disc and cup forms is inhibited by the soluble 40-45-kilodalton (kDa) cytoplasmic portion of the major transmembrane protein, band 3. The band 3 fragment was prepared by chymotryptic treatment of inverted vesicles stripped of peripheral proteins. When present at greater than or equal to 0.

Surface glycoprotein changes in ram spermatozoa during epididymal maturation.

Three radiolabeling procedures were applied to ram spermatozoa obtained at three different stages of posttesticular development: on leaving the testis (testicular sperm); after epididymal transit (cauda epididymal sperm); and after exposure to accessory sex gland secretions (ejaculated sperm). The washed spermatozoa were subjected to three radiolabeling treatments: 1) galactose oxidase and sodium boro [3H]hydride (galactosyl and galactosaminyl residues); 2) sodium metaperiodate and NaBH4 (sialyl residues); and 3) chloroglycoluril and Na125 I (tyrosyl residues). High resolution sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of the surface radiolabeling patterns confirms earlier studies in demonstrating an overall shift in the predominant labeled glycoproteins from the zone 78-115 kd in testicular spermatozoa to relatively low molecular weights of between 15 and 95 kd in cauda epididymal or ejaculated spermatozoa.

Cocaine uses and abuses.

Cocaine is a time-honored topical anesthetic for intranasal surgery. It combines superb anesthesia with constriction of nasal vasculature and patient euphoria, which facilitates surgery and enhances its tolerability to the patient. Dosages of 200 mg (2 ml of 10% solution) are considered safe and effective for surgical anesthesia.

Protein kinases and membrane protein phosphorylation in normal and abnormal human erythrocytes: variation related to mean cell age.

Protein kinase activities and membrane autophosphorylation reactions of normal and abnormal human erythrocytes were analyzed. Erythrocytes from patients with high reticulocytosis due to sickle cell anemia and other disorders (n = 13) exhibited elevated activities of total and membrane-bound cAMP-independent casein kinase and cAMP-stimulated histone kinase. Relative to normal controls (n = 10), the average total activities in these abnormal cells were increased 50% and 81%, respectively.

Altered red blood cell surface area in hereditary xerocytosis.

Hereditary xerocytes appear larger than normal red cells in scanning electron micrographs and exhibit a higher ghost packing volume. The major chemical components--protein, phosphorus, cholesterol and sialic acid--are increased uniformly, as are all polypeptides visible on gel electrophoresis patterns of xerocyte membranes. These data are consistent with a xerocyte surface area 15 to 25% above normal.

Spectrin phosphorylation and shape change of human erythrocyte ghosts.

Human erthrocyte membranes in isotonic medium change shape from crenated spheres to biconcave disks and cup-forms when incubated at 37 degrees C in the presence of MgATP (M. P. Sheetz and S.

Biochemistry of ATP-dependent red cell membrane shape change.

Red cell membranes prepared by hemolysis and washing in hypotonic Tris buffer crenate when suspended at 0 degrees C in isotonic medium. At 37 degrees C, in the presence of 1 mM MgATP, the crenated membranes are progressively converted to smooth-contoured discs and cup-forms. The phosphorylation of proteins and lipids during shape transformation in the presence of [gamma-32P]ATP has been studied.

Nasal septal perforation: prevention and management.

Thirty-five patients with nasal septal perforations were treated over a ten-year period. Prior nasal septal surgery was the most common cause of perforation. A combined flap and graft technique was employed for surgical repair which produced a success rate of over 90% for relief of symptoms and closure of the perforation.

Increased erythrocyte lipid peroxidation in hereditary xerocytosis.

Xerocytosis is a chronic hemolytic anemia with abnormal membrane function manifested by an increase in passive potassium permeability. Xerocytes demonstrate a greater susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide manifested by the production of malondialdehyde (MDA). Xerocyte membrane phospholipid and fatty acid analysis is normal except for a slight increase in phosphatidyl choline, a commensurate decrease in sphingomyelin, as well as a decrease in linoleic acid.

Red cell membrane in hemolytic disease. Studies on variables affecting electrophoretic analysis.

Significant alterations in the spectrin: band 3 and band 4.1a: band 4.1b ratios and an occasional decrease in the peak height of band 4.