Physician Engagement in Addressing Health-Related Social Needs and Burnout.

Importance: Previous research suggests that a greater capacity of health care organizations to address patients' health-related social needs (HRSNs) is associated with lower physician burnout. However, individual physician-level engagement in addressing HRSNs has not been fully characterized, and its association with physician burnout remains understudied.

Objective: To characterize physicians' engagement in addressing HRSNs and examine its association with burnout.

Evaluation of Navigating a Foodborne Outbreak: Medical Learners Before and During COVID-19.

Navigating a Foodborne Outbreak: Preparation for Interprofessional Practice is an interactive, competency-based, online educational module demonstrating interprofessional practice among health professionals to improve and protect population health, in the context of a foodborne outbreak. Authors reviewed registration data, pre- and post- module knowledge assessments, and module evaluations from the 978 medical students and physicians ("medical learners") who completed the module from July 2018-June 2021, comparing their outcomes as well as assessing potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Analyses were conducted in 2022 and 2024.

Directly measuring octanol-air partition ratios using a gas chromatography retention time (GC-RT) method.

The octanol-air partition ratio (K) is a fundamental property used for screening chemicals for concern, depending on their potential to bioaccumulate and harm living systems. With millions of chemicals used in commerce, unfortunately, less than 800 compounds currently have experimentally measured K values due to limitations in traditional measurement techniques. We aimed to develop a direct gas chromatography retention time (GC-RT) method using a custom-packed column, with octanol as the stationary phase, for rapidly measuring K.

Classifying intervention components used in sleep duration interventions for children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) is a three-phase iterative framework that could accelerate the development of behavioral interventions. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted within the MOST preparation phase and aimed to classify components included in pediatric sleep duration interventions, using the Behavior Change Technique (BCT) Taxonomy. Across 37 interventions, 46 out of 93 BCTs have been used, with an average of 8 techniques used per study.

Cloning and Functional Characterization of Novel Human Neutralizing Anti-IFN-α and Anti-IFN-β Antibodies.

Type I IFNs play a pivotal role in immune response modulation, yet dysregulation is implicated in various disorders. Therefore, it is crucial to develop tools that facilitate the understanding of their mechanism of action and enable the development of more effective anti-IFN therapeutic strategies. In this study, we isolated, cloned, and characterized anti-IFN-α and anti-IFN-β Abs from PBMCs of individuals treated with IFN-α or IFN-β, harboring confirmed neutralizing Abs.

Cloning and functional characterization of novel human neutralizing anti-interferon-alpha and anti-interferon-beta antibodies.

Type I interferons (IFNs) play a pivotal role in immune response modulation, yet dysregulation is implicated in various disorders. Therefore, it is crucial to develop tools that facilitate the understanding of their mechanism of action and enable the development of more effective anti-IFN therapeutic strategies. In this study, we isolated, cloned, and characterized anti-IFN-α and anti-IFN-β antibodies (Abs) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of individuals treated with IFN-α or IFN-β, harboring confirmed neutralizing Abs.

Guiding Principles to Address the Impact of Algorithm Bias on Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health and Health Care.

Importance: Health care algorithms are used for diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, risk stratification, and allocation of resources. Bias in the development and use of algorithms can lead to worse outcomes for racial and ethnic minoritized groups and other historically marginalized populations such as individuals with lower income.

Objective: To provide a conceptual framework and guiding principles for mitigating and preventing bias in health care algorithms to promote health and health care equity.

Use of bound state methods to calculate partial and total widths of shape resonances.

In this work we study the Π resonances of a two-site model system designed to mimic a smooth transition from the Π temporary anion of N to the Π temporary anion of CO. The model system possesses the advantage that scattering and bound state () methods can be directly compared without obfuscating electron-correlation effects. Specifically, we compare resonance parameters obtained with the complex Kohn variational (CKV) method with those from stabilization, complex absorbing potential, and regularized analytical continuation calculations.

Implementing a stakeholder-driven community diffusion-informed intervention to create healthier, more equitable systems: a community case study in Greenville County, South Carolina.

This case study describes the application of a theory-informed, stakeholder-driven intervention with a group of 19 multi-sector stakeholders from an existing coalition to promote whole-of-community change that supports childhood obesity prevention. The intervention applied community-based system dynamics to design and implement activities that promoted insights into the systems driving childhood obesity prevalence and helped participants prioritize actions to influence those systems. This led to three new priority areas for the coalition: addressing food insecurity; building power among historically marginalized voices within the community; and supporting advocacy efforts to promote community-wide change beyond the coalition's previous focus on organizational-level policy, systems and environment change.

Susceptibility to 3BNC117 and 10-1074 in ART suppressed chronically infected persons.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the susceptibility of HIV to two HIV monoclonal antibodies (bnAbs), 3BNC117 and 10-1074, in individuals with chronically antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppressed HIV infection.

Design: The susceptibility of bnAbs was determined using the PhenoSense mAb Assay, which is a cell-based infectivity assay designed to assess the susceptibility of luciferase-reporter pseudovirions. This assay is the only Clinical Laboratory Improvement Ammendment (CLIA)/College of American Pathologist (CAP) compliant screening test specifically developed for evaluating bnAb susceptibility in people with HIV infection.

Public and Population Health in U.S. Medical Education: A Review of Guidance in Extraordinary Times.

Generations of medical educators have recommended including public and population health (PPH) content in the training of U.S. physicians.

Treatment of childhood disruptive behavior disorders and callous-unemotional traits: a systematic review and two multilevel meta-analyses.

Background: Children with callous-unemotional (CU) traits are at high lifetime risk of antisocial behavior. It is unknown if treatments for disruptive behavior disorders are as effective for children with CU traits (DBD+CU) as those without (DBD-only), nor if treatments directly reduce CU traits. Separate multilevel meta-analyses were conducted to compare treatment effects on DBD symptoms for DBD+CU versus DBD-only children and evaluate direct treatment-related reductions in CU traits, as well as to examine moderating factors for both questions.

Impacts of a medical-legal partnership on clinical capacity to address social determinants of health.

Background: Social determinants of health (SDOHs) impacts on an individual's health outcomes have become more evident, and clinical providers are vital in helping patients address those needs. Providers are experiencing high-stress levels related to patient care, resulting in a diminished capacity to address these SDOHs. This study examines the impact of a medical-legal partnership (MLP) on the clinical capacity to assist providers with addressing SDOH needs and reducing clinician stress.

Trends in breast and prostate cancer screening and diagnostic procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic in central Massachusetts.

Purpose: We calculated rates of breast and prostate cancer screening and diagnostic procedures performed during the COVID-19 pandemic through December 2021 compared to the same months in 2019 in a large healthcare provider group in central Massachusetts.

Methods: We included active patients of the provider group between January 2019 and December 2021 aged 30-85 years. Monthly rates of screening mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis, breast MRI, total prostate specific antigen (PSA), and breast or prostate biopsy per 1,000 people were compared by year overall, by age, and race/ethnicity.

Methadone use is associated with increased levels of sCD14, immune activation, and inflammation during suppressed HIV infection.

Opioid use has negative effects on immune responses and may impair immune reconstitution in persons living with HIV (PLWH) infection undergoing antiretroviral treatment (ART). The effects of treatment with μ opioid receptor (MOR) agonists (e.g.

Development of a Community Coalition to Influence Nutrition and Physical Activity in Early Childhood Education.

Background: Recognizing insufficient support for healthy eating and physical activity in early childhood education centers in Greenville, South Carolina, a group of stakeholders formed a workgroup as an organizing structure. Members developed and implemented a 2-year community-based participatory research initiative aimed at nutrition and physical activity policy, systems and environment change in 10 early childhood education centers.

Objectives: This article 1) describes engagement efforts and partnerships leading to formation of the workgroup and initiative, 2) presents data on Workgroup members' knowledge and engagement, and 3) shares lessons learned.

Mobile Health to Support Community-Integration of Individuals With Disabilities Using iMHere 2.0: Focus Group Study.

Background: Mobile health (mHealth) systems that support self-management can improve medical, functional, and psychosocial outcomes for individuals with disabilities and chronic conditions. The mHealth systems can potentially be expanded to support community integration.

Objective: The purposes of this study were to (1) partner with a community-based organization that supports community integration of individuals with disabilities; (2) identify software requirements needed to support community participation; and (3) iteratively refine an existing mHealth application to include new requirements.

The Impact of the Covid-19-Related Transition to Telehealth on Visit Adherence in Mental Health Care: An Interrupted Time Series Study.

Covid-19 has led to an unprecedented shift to telemental health (TMH) in mental healthcare. This study examines the impact of this transition on visit adherence for mental health services in an integrated behavioral health department. Monthly visit data for 12,245 patients from January, 2019 to January, 2021 was extracted from the electronic medical record.

Now Is Our Time to Act: Why Academic Medicine Must Embrace Community Collaboration as Its Fourth Mission.

In his Leadership Plenary at the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) annual meeting, "Learn Serve Lead 2020: The Virtual Experience," president and CEO David Skorton emphasized that the traditional tripartite mission of academic medicine-medical education, clinical care, and research-is no longer enough to achieve health justice for all. Today, collaborating with diverse communities deserves equal weight among academic medicine's missions. This means going beyond "delivering care" to establishing and expanding ongoing, two-way community dialogues that push the envelope of what is possible in service to what is needed.

BCL6 BTB-specific inhibitor reversely represses T-cell activation, Tfh cells differentiation, and germinal center reaction in vivo.

Inhibition of the BCL6 BTB domain results in killing Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBL) cells, reducing the T-cell dependent germinal center (GC) reaction in mice, and reversing GC hyperplasia in nonhuman primates. The available BCL6 BTB-specific inhibitors are poorly water soluble, thus, limiting their absorption in vivo and our understanding of therapeutic strategy targeting GC. We synthesized a prodrug (AP-4-287) from a potent BCL6 BTB inhibitor (FX1) with improved aqueous solubility and pharmacokinetics (PK) in mice.

Evaluating the Efficacy of Medical-Legal Partnerships that Address Social Determinants of Health.

Background: Medical-legal partnerships (MLPs) are health system-community partnerships composed of multi-disciplinary teams designed to improve patient and community health. MLPs provide legal services to address health-harming legal needs that contribute to health inequities.

Methods: A grant provided by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention established the Accelerating Health Equity, Advancing through Discovery (AHEAD) Initiative to identify, evaluate, and disseminate community-based interventions that improve health equity.

Minimisation of slab-selective radiofrequency excitation pulse durations constrained by an acceptable aliasing coefficient.

A technical note is presented on the slab-direction aliasing of 3D imaging, introducing a simple methodology for determining the minimised duration of low flip-angle sinc radiofrequency (RF) excitation pulses, with respect to a required slab profile accuracy. The various interdependent factors affected in modifying an RF pulse duration are considered and analysed in the context of a new metric for quantifying the levels of permitted slab-aliasing. A general framework is presented for the selection of standard sinc RF excitation pulses with system-minimised durations, as well as their analysis and validation, and a demonstration of this methodology is performed for an example requirement and scanner.

Comparable HIV suppression by pegylated-IFN-α2a or pegylated-IFN-α2b during a 4-week analytical treatment interruption.

We report on the post-hoc analysis of three clinical studies (NCT01935089, NCT00594880 and NCT00051818) with chronically HIV-infected, immune-reconstituted individuals with similar entry criteria, and demographics interrupting antiretroviral therapy (ART) without or with 5 weeks of weekly pegylated (Peg)-IFN-α2b or Peg-IFN-α2a immunotherapy added onto ART. Results show similar rates of viral suppression between both immunotherapies when continued during a 4-week ART interruption, despite Peg-IFN-α2a maintaining significantly higher trough blood levels.