Effects of adrenomedullin on the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in oviducts from women with tubal ectopic pregnancy: an in-vitro experimental study.

Background: The occurrence of tubal ectopic pregnancy (tEP) is related to the inflammation of the oviduct. Recently, Adrenomedullin (ADM) was found highly expression in human oviduct. The current study is to investigate whether ADM have a modulatory action on inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in oviductal tissue from women with tubal ectopic pregnancy (tEP).

Adrenomedullin and diabetes.

Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a peptide hormone widely expressed in different tissues, especially in the vasculature. Apart from its vasodilatatory and hypotensive effect, it plays multiple roles in the regulation of hormonal secretion, glucose metabolism and inflammatory response. ADM regulates insulin balance and may participate in the development of diabetes.

Adrenomedullin increases the short-circuit current in the mouse seminal vesicle: actions on chloride secretion.

Adrenomedullin (ADM) may regulate seminal vesicle fluid secretion, and this may affect sperm quality. In this study, we investigated the effect of ADM on chloride secretion in the mouse seminal vesicle. The presence of ADM in mouse seminal vesicle was confirmed using immunostaining, and the molecular species was determined using gel filtration chromatography coupled with enzyme-linked assay for ADM.

Intermedin attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in the rat testis.

First reported as a vasoactive peptide in the cardiovascular system, intermedin (IMD), also known as adrenomedullin 2 (ADM2), is a hormone with multiple potent roles, including its antioxidant action on the pulmonary, central nervous, cardiovascular and renal systems. Though IMD may play certain roles in trophoblast cell invasion, early embryonic development and cumulus cell-oocyte interaction, the role of IMD in the male reproductive system has yet to be investigated. This paper reports our findings on the gene expression of IMD, its receptor components and its protein localization in the testes.

Decreases in adrenomedullin expression and ciliary beat frequency in the nasal epithelium in tubal pregnancy.

Objective: To study adrenomedullin (ADM) expression and its relation to ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in the nasal mucociliated epithelium in tubal ectopic pregnancy (tEP).

Design: Experimental study.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Intermedin in rat uterus: changes in gene expression and peptide levels across the estrous cycle and its effects on uterine contraction.

Background: The present study demonstrates the expression of intermedin (IMD) and its receptor components in the uterus of the female rat during the estrous cycle and its effect on uterine contraction.

Methods: The gene expression level of intermedin and its receptor components and the peptide level of intermedin were studied by real-time RT-PCR and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) respectively. The separation of precursor and mature IMD was studied by gel filtration chromatography and EIA.

Possible functions of adrenomedullin from the seminal fluid in the female reproductive tract of the rat.

Adrenomedullin (ADM) is found in male accessory sex glands and is part of the seminal secretion. It plays an important role in protecting the sperm in the female reproductive tract. In this study, we investigated the roles of ADM in inflammation and oxidative stress in the endometrium and in leukocyte and macrophage infiltration in the endometrial stroma.

Adrenomedullin inhibits norepinephrine-induced contraction of rat seminal vesicle.

Objective: To investigate the effect of adrenomedullin (ADM) on seminal vesicle smooth muscle contractions in the rat and the specific receptor involved. Whether it was dependent on the nitric oxidant pathway was also investigated.

Methods: The seminal vesicles from Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8-10 weeks were incubated in Kreb's solution.

Preimplantation antagonism of adrenomedullin action compromises fetoplacental development and reduces litter size.

Concentrations of adrenomedullin (ADM) in circulation, the uterus, and corpora lutea (CL) increase during pregnancy. We previously reported a temporal-spatial pattern of ADM level and gene expression of Adm and its receptor components, from early pregnancy through midpregnancy to late pregnancy in rats. Two earlier reports using an in vivo model of ADM antagonism demonstrated the important roles of ADM in the post-implantation period.

Adrenomedullin: exciting new horizons.

Adrenomedullin is a peptide initially isolated from pheochromocytoma. It has a wide distribution and has multiple actions in many systems including the cardiovascular, renal, endocrine, reproductive, immune, nervous and musculoskeletal systems. This is reflected in the patents.

Adrenomedullin in rat follicles and corpora lutea: expression, functions and interaction with endothelin-1.

Background: Adrenomedullin (ADM), a novel vasorelaxant peptide, was found in human/rat ovaries. The present study investigated the interaction of ADM and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in follicles and newly formed corpora lutea (CL) and the actions of ADM on progesterone production in CL during pregnancy.

Methods: The peptide and gene expression level of adrenomedullin in small antral follicles, large antral follicles and CL was studied by real-time RT-PCR and EIA.

Coexpression of adrenomedullin and its receptor component proteins in the reproductive system of the rat during gestation.

Background: Adrenomedullin (ADM), a novel vasorelaxant peptide, was found in human/rat ovaries and uteri. Plasma ADM level increases in pregnant women and pregnant rats.

Methods: The gene expression levels of Adm and its receptor components - Crlr, Ramp1, Ramp2 and Ramp3, the ADM peptide concentration and localization in the rat female reproductive system during gestation were studied by real-time RT-PCR, EIA and immunohistochemical techniques.

Expression of adrenomedullin in human oviduct, its regulation by the hormonal cycle and contact with spermatozoa, and its effect on ciliary beat frequency of the oviductal epithelium.

Context: Adrenomedullin (ADM) has been found expressed in the mouse oviduct and might play a role in reproduction.

Objective: The objective of the study was to demonstrate the expression of ADM in the human oviduct, investigate its regulation by steroidal hormones and spermatozoa contact, and study its effect on ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in the human oviduct. DESIGN, SETTING, PATIENTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Oviducts from women undergoing hysterectomy for benign diseases in a university hospital were collected.

Coexpression of adrenomedullin and its receptors in the reproductive system of the rat: effects on steroid secretion in rat ovary.

The present study demonstrates the expression of adrenomedullin (ADM) in the reproductive system of the female rat and its effect on the secretion of estradiol and progesterone. Ovarian ADM and Adm mRNA levels were decreased at estrus, whereas oviductal Adm mRNA levels were low at proestrus. Both tissues were shown to coexpress mRNAs encoding the calcitonin receptor-like receptor and receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (Ramp1), Ramp2, and Ramp3.

Effect of aging on the expression of adrenomedullin and its receptor component proteins in the male reproductive system of the rat.

This study investigated the levels of adrenomedullin (AM) and the gene expression of AM, calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR), receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs), and receptor-coupling protein (RCP) in the testis, ventral prostate, seminal vesicle, and epididymis in rats aged 3, 12, and 20 months by radioimmunoassay and semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results indicate an age-related increase in AM and its messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in the testis and decrease in the sex accessory glands. The gene expression of CRLR and RCP decreased only in the sex accessory glands.

Adrenomedullin in the rat testis. II: Its production, actions on inhibin secretion, regulation by follicle-stimulating hormone, and its interaction with endothelin 1 in the Sertoli cell.

The present study demonstrates the expression of adrenomedullin (ADM) in the rat Sertoli cells and its effect on inhibin production. The regulation of ADM by FSH and its interaction with endothelin 1 (EDN1) in the rat Sertoli cells have also been established. Primary culture of Sertoli cells secreted 414+/-27 pg immunoreactive ADM per 10(6) cells in 24 h and expressed Adm mRNA.

Adrenomedullin in the rat testis. I: Its production, actions on testosterone secretion, regulation by human chorionic gonadotropin, and its interaction with endothelin 1 in the leydig cell.

Based on the finding of gene expression of adrenomedullin (Adm) and its receptor components in the rat testis, a paracrine effect of ADM on testicular steroidogenesis has been suggested by our group. The present study demonstrates the gene expression of Adm and the effect of ADM on testosterone production in the Leydig cell. The regulation of ADM by hCG and its interaction with endothelin 1 (EDN1) in the rat Leydig cells are also observed.

Differential regulation of adrenomedullin gene expression in the fundic and pyloric regions of the rat stomach during acute and chronic starvation.

Adrenomedullin (AM) has been shown to be present in the stomach but the role of gastric AM is obscure. To investigate the effects of starvation on AM in the stomach, we studied the changes in gene expression of preproadrenomedullin (preproAM) and AM receptors by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and tissue AM concentrations by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in the fundus and pylorus of the stomach of rats subjected to either acute (1-day) or chronic (4-day) starvation. An up-regulation of preproAM gene expression was observed in the fundus after acute starvation, and in the pylorus after chronic starvation.

Age-related changes in adrenomedullin expression and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 activity in the rat lung and their responses to hypoxia.

Male rats aged 3 months, 12 months and 20 months were subjected to breathing 8% oxygen for 6 hours. Lung preproadrenomedullin (AM) messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were measured by solution hybridization-RNase protection assay while AM was measured by radioimmunoassay. The binding of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) to DNA was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift.

Adrenomedullin and its receptor components in adipose tissues: Differences between white and brown fats and the effects of adrenergic stimulation.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subcutaneously injected with 2.5mg/kg phenylephrine or 2.5mg/kg isoproterenol or both (2.

The gene expression of adrenomedullin, calcitonin-receptor-like receptor and receptor activity modifying proteins (RAMPs) in CCl4-induced rat liver cirrhosis.

This study was undertaken to determine AM expression in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver cirrhosis developed with peritoneal ascites. Sprague-Dawley rats received subcutaneous injections of CCl4 twice weekly in olive oil (1:1, 0.3 ml per kg body weight) for 6 or 12 weeks until ascites developed, or saline in olive oil as control.

Adrenomedullin peptide: gene expression of adrenomedullin, its receptors and receptor activity modifying proteins, and receptor binding in rat testis--actions on testosterone secretion.

Adrenomedullin (ADM) has been shown to be present in the human and rat male reproductive systems. This study demonstrates the expression of ADM in the rat testis and its effect on the secretion of testosterone. Whole testicular extracts had 5.

Differential induction of adrenomedullin, interleukins and tumour necrosis factor-alpha by lipopolysaccharide in rat tissues in vivo.

The aim of the present study was to determine the temporal changes in tissue adrenomedullin (AM) and cytokine contents and cytokine and preproAM mRNA levels in the kidney, liver, adrenal gland and spleen of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated rats. Rats were injected with LPS (10 mg/kg, i.p.

Episodic-like memory deficits in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: relationships to beta-amyloid deposition and neurotransmitter abnormalities.

Transgenic mice made by crossing animals expressing mutant amyloid precursor protein (APPswe) to mutant presenilin 1 (PS1dE9) allow for incremental increases in Abeta42 production and provide a model of Alzheimer-type amyloidosis. Here, we examine cognition in 6- and 18-month old transgenic mice expressing APPswe and PS1dE9, alone and in combination. Spatial reference memory was assessed in a standard Morris Water Maze task followed by assessment of episodic-like memory in Repeated Reversal and Radial Water maze tasks.