Effect of bladder dysfunction on development of depression and anxiety in Parkinson's disease.

Objectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) often presents with movement disorder. However, besides motor complaints, there are many complaints such as anxiety, depression, urinary complaints and constipation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether neurogenic lower urinary dysfunction (NLUD), which is frequently seen in PD, has an effect on the development of anxiety and depression in these patients.

The correlation of non-motor symptoms and sleep on balance in Parkinson's disease patients with normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by non-motor symptoms (NMS) as well as by motor symptoms. Together with the impairment of cognitive functions, NMS and sleep also affect motor symptoms negatively. The aim of our study is to examine the correlation of NMS and sleep on balance in PD patients with normal cognition (PD-NC) and with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI).

The Relationship Between Pain, and Freezing of Gait and Falls in Parkinson's Disease.

Introduction: To investigate the relationship between pain, freezing of gait (FOG) and falls in Parkinson's Disease (PD).

Methods: The study included 110 PD patients. The Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn and Yahr Scale were used to evaluate disease severity.

Is there a difference between Parkinson disease patients and a control group in terms of urinary symptoms and quality of life?

Background/aim: The aim of this study is to research whether urinary symptoms and disruption of quality of life observed in Parkinson disease patients are different than those of their healthy peers. Additionally, whether these complaints were affected by characteristics such as age at onset of Parkinson disease, sex, disease duration, and severity was investigated.

Materials And Methods: This study comprised a total of 79 individuals, 39 Parkinson patients and a control group of 40 individuals.

Effects of levodopa therapy on global left ventricular systolic function in patients with Parkinson disease.

Objectives: Since levodopa was identified as an efficient therapeutic option in Parkinson disease (PD), great success has been achieved in the course and treatment of the disease. However, L‑dopa-related side effects limit the therapeutic use in some patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of L‑dopa therapy on left ventricular global systolic function via speckle tracking method.

Evaluation of cardiovascular risk in patients with Parkinson disease under levodopa treatment.

Background: Levodopa is the indispensable choice of medial therapy in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Since L-dopa treatment was shown to increase serum homocysteine levels, a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disorders, the patients with PD under L-dopa treatment will be at increased risk for future cardiovascular events. The objective of this study is to evaluate cardiovascular risk in patients with PD under levodopa treatment.