Neurological and Visual Outcomes in Infants and Toddlers Following Therapeutic Hypothermia for Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.

Background: The majority of studies have investigated neurodevelopmental outcomes, whereas visual impairment is less explored in children with a history of neonatal (hypoxic-ischemic) encephalopathy. Our aim was to perform a detailed neurological and visual assessment and also to investigate the presence of cerebral visual impairment in infants and toddlers with neonatal encephalopathy.

Methods: Thirty participants with a history of neonatal encephalopathy, who had been hospitalized for therapeutic hypothermia, underwent a detailed neurological examination at age five to 36 months.

Neonatal Resuscitation Practices in Turkey: A Survey of the Turkish Neonatal Society and the Union of European Neonatal and Perinatal Societies.

Objective: Optimal care in the delivery room is important to decrease neonatal morbidity and mortality. We aimed to evaluate neonatal resuscitation practices in Turkish centers.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional survey consisted of a 91-item questionnaire focused on delivery room practices in neonatal resuscitation and was sent to 50 Turkish centers.

An Update on Patent Ductus Arteriosus and What is Coming Next.

Patent ductus arteriosus is the most common cardiovascular condition in preterm infants. There is a significant uncertainty about when and how to close ductus arteriosus in preterm infants due to a high spontaneous closure rate even in very immature preterm infants. Diagnosis and management of patent ductus arteriosus remain a challenge for both neonatologists and pediatric cardiologists.

Hemodynamic changes and evaluation during hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and therapeutic hypothermia.

Multiorgan damage is a hallmark of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and cardiovascular and hemodynamic changes during asphyxia contribute significantly to the brain damage. The main insult to the heart is myocardial damage and associated ventricular dysfunction, which is manifested by reduced preload and afterload. The immature myocardium reacts to asphyxia by bradycardia and reduced contractile capacity.

Birth Weight Reference Percentiles by Gestational Age for Turkish Twin Neonates.

Aims: In clinical practice, birth weight reference percentiles for singletons are used to evaluate twin births. The utilization of singleton reference percentiles for twins is not appropriate as they experience different growth trajectories. However, Turkey still lacks such references.

Assessment of the Nutritional Status, Bone Mineralization, and Anthropometrics of Children with Thalassemia Major.

Objective: Children with thalassemia major (TM) are prone to growth failure and micronutrient deficiency. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate nutritional status, anthropometrics, and bone mineralization defects in patients with regular blood transfusion.

Methods: Data obtained were analyzed by evaluating laboratory tests, anthropometric measures, and bone mineral density.

Risk Factors and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Neonates with Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn.

Objective: To identify the incidence of and risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) and to evaluate its association with neonatal outcomes.

Method: A total of 78 newborns with confirmed PPHN admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of a university hospital between 2016 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. AKI was defined according to the modified neonatal Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria.

Does antenatal corticosteroid therapy improve neonatal outcomes in late preterm birth?

Background: Infants who are born at 34° to 36weeks of gestation (late preterm) are at greater risk for respiratory and other neonatal morbidities. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of the administration of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) to women at risk for late preterm delivery on the incidence of neonatal outcomes.

Method: This was a prospective cohort study of singleton gestations at risk of imminent delivery between 34° and 36weeks.

Possible antiapoptotic and neuroprotective effects of magnesium sulphate on retina in a preterm hypoxic-ischemic rat model.

Background/aim: The effects of systemic magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) on retina in preterm hypoxic-ischemic (HI) rat model are not known. Our aim was to investigate the effects of MgSO4 on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) count, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptotic index, retinal vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expressions in preterm HI rat model.

Materials And Methods: Fifteen, postnatal day (PND) 7 rat pups were divided into 3 groups: 1.

SARS-CoV-2 associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). A single center's experience.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a newly defined clinical entity in pediatric ages resembles Kawasaki Disease or toxic shock syndrome. Here we aimed to raise awareness about this SARS-CoV-2 related syndrome.

Methods: Children diagnosed with MIS-C and followed in Pediatric Clinic between November 2020 and January 2021, were included in study.

Elevated Red Cell Distribution Width as a Useful Marker in Neonatal Sepsis.

Neonatal sepsis is an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in the neonatal intensive care unit. Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is an important and independent prognostic factor in several diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of RDW in neonatal sepsis.

Antenatal Steroids and Acute Kidney Injury in Preterm Infants.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the effects of antenatal steroids (ANS) on acute kidney injury (AKI) in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants.

Study Design: We performed a retrospective cohort study of VLBW infants admitted to a tertiary-care neonatal intensive care unit between January 2016 and June 2019. Infants were divided into no ANS, partial ANS, and complete ANS groups.

Coronavirus-2019 Disease (COVID-19) in Children.

COVID-19 disease affects all ages, but severe cases of the disease and mortality are very rarely seen among children. In most cases, they acquire the virus from their parents or from an another infected person. The exact reasons why the disease has a milder course in children is unknown but high numbers of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptors, underdeveloped immune responses, cross-reaction with other viruses, protective effect of fetal hemoglobin and fewer outdoor activities as well as journeys, and nonexposure to air pollution, and smoking.

Molecular and Mechanical Mechanisms Regulating Ductus Arteriosus Closure in Preterm Infants.

Failure of ductus arteriosus closure after preterm birth is associated with significant morbidities. Ductal closure requires and is regulated by a complex interplay of molecular and mechanical mechanisms with underlying genetic factors. patency of the ductus is maintained by low oxygen tension, high levels of prostaglandins, nitric oxide and carbon monoxide.

Impact of sleep behaviors on social and emotional problems in three-year-old children born prematurely.

Background: Childhood sleep problems have been associated with a number of negative health outcomes, but there is limited data on the relationship between sleep problems and social and emotional problems in preterm babies.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate sleep habits and the relationship between sleep problems and social and emotional problems in preterm infants with a corrected age of three years old.

Method: The study included 40 preterm children and 40 full-term children.

Does antenatal corticosteroid therapy improve neonatal outcomes in late preterm birth?

Background: Infants who are born at 34 to 36 weeks of gestation (late preterm) are at greater risk for respiratory and other neonatal morbidities. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of administration of antenatal corticosteroids (ACSs) to women at risk for late preterm delivery on the incidence of neonatal outcomes.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of singleton gestations at risk of imminent delivery between 34 and 36 weeks.

SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Newborn.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) affects people at all ages and it may be encountered in pregnant women and newborns also. The information about its clinical features, laboratory findings and prognosis in children and newborns is scarce. All the reported cases in pregnant women were in the 2nd or 3rd trimester and only 1% of them developed severe disease.

Synbiotics use for preventing sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight neonates: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Probiotics and prebiotics have strain-specific effects on the host. Synbiotics, a mixture of probiotics and prebiotics, are proposed to have more beneficial effects on the host than either agent has alone.

Purpose: We performed a randomized controlled trial to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium together with oligosaccharides and lactoferrin on the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or sepsis in very low birth weight neonates.

Is the First Postnatal Platelet Mass as an Indicator of Patent Ductus Arteriosus?

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate whether there is an association between the platelet mass and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure in premature newborns.

Methods: Preterm infants (gestational age ≤33 weeks) with hemodynamically significant PDA (group 1, n = 178) and a control group of preterm infants without PDA (group 2, n = 211) were retrospectively evaluated between August 1, 2013 and July 30, 2015 in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Platelet counts and platelet indices including mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet mass (platelet count x mean platelet volume) in the first 24 hours of life, demographic findings and morbidities were recorded.

The accuracy of transcutaneous bilirubinometry in preterm infants.

Objective: To evaluate the correlation between total serum and transcutaneous bilirubin and to determine the reliability of transcutaneous bilirubinometry for screening and monitoring of neonatal jaundice among preterms.

Study Design: Ninety nine infants with gestational ages ≤34 weeks were prospectively enrolled. Babies were classified into three groups as; 24-28, 29-31, and 32-34 weeks.

The association between NIRS and Doppler ultrasonography in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus.

To determine if near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), which is easier to obtain than Doppler ultrasonography (USG), may be used in accordance with Doppler USG to provide additional data for assessment of organ blood flow velocities in preterm infants with hemodynamically significant PDA. Thirty-one infants who were treated with ibuprofen for closure of PDA were monitored continuously with NIRS. Cerebral, mesenteric, and renal arterial blood flow velocities were measured with Doppler USG before and after the treatment.