Exendin-4 Attenuates Remodeling in the Remote Myocardium of Rats After an Acute Myocardial Infarction by Activating β-Arrestin-2, Protein Phosphatase 2A, and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 and Inhibiting β-Catenin.

Purpose: This study tested if the protective anti-remodeling effect of GLP-1 agonist Exendin-4 after an acute myocardial infarction (MI) in rats involves inhibition of the Wnt1/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Methods: Rats were divided into sham, sham + Exendin-4 (10 μg/day, i.p), MI, and MI + Exendin-4.

Exendin-4 Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Upregulation of SIRT1 and SIRT3 and Activation of AMPK.

This study evaluated if the cardioprotective effect of Exendin-4 against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in male rats involves modulation of AMPK and sirtuins. Adult male rats were divided into sham, sham + Exendin-4, I/R, I/R + Exendin-4, and I/R + Exendin-4 + EX-527, a sirt1 inhibitor. Exendin-4 reduced infarct size and preserved the function and structure of the left ventricles (LV) of I/R rats.

Exendin-4 Ameliorates Cardiac Remodeling in Experimentally Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats by Inhibiting PARP1/NF-κB Axis in A SIRT1-Dependent Mechanism.

Sirt1 is a potent inhibitor of both poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases1 (PARP1) and NF-kB. This study investigated the cardioprotective effect of exendin-4 on cardiac function and remodeling in rats after an expreimentally-induced myocardial infarction (MI) and explored if this protection involves SIRT1/PARP1 axis. Rats were divided into five groups (n = 10/each): sham, sham + exendin-4 (25 nmol/kg/day i.

Fas/FasL-mediated cell death in rat's diabetic hearts involves activation of calcineurin/NFAT4 and is potentiated by a high-fat diet rich in corn oil.

This study investigated if calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) axis mediates the cardiac apoptosis in rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)-induced rats or administered chronically high-fat diet rich in corn oil (CO-HFD). Also, it investigated the impact of chronic administration of CO-HFD on Fas/Fas ligand (Fas/FasL)-induced apoptosis in the hearts of T1DM-induced rats. Adult male Wistar rats (140-160 g) were classified as control: (10% fat) CO-HFD: (40% fat), T1DM, and T1DM + CO-HFD (n=20/each).

Ultrastructural changes of kidney in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice.

Schistosomiasis is the second threatening parasitic disease after malaria and among Schistosoma spp., Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) affects about 100 million people in tropic regions in Africa and South America.