Noninvasive Detection of Alpha-Amylase in Saliva Using Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes: A Promising Biomarker for Clinical Oral Diagnostics.

Background: Biomarkers are essential tools for diagnosing diseases. Saliva, as a human fluid, effectively reflects the body's condition due to its rich composition. Analyzing saliva components allows for noninvasive, cost-effective, and time-efficient screening and diagnosis.