In-hospital cardiac arrest due to sepsis - Aetiologies and outcomes in a Swedish cohort study.

Objectives: Awareness of causes of cardiac arrest is essential to prevent them. A recent review found that almost every sixth in-hospital cardiac arrest is caused by infection. Few studies have explored how infections cause cardiac arrest.

Expression of Progesterone and Androgen Receptors in the Breast of Premenopausal Women, Considering Menstrual Phase.

Background: Progesterone and androgens are important for normal development and tumorigenesis of the breast.

Patients And Methods: Breast tissue samples from 49 premenopausal women were obtained. The progesterone receptors (PRA, PRB, PGRMC1 and PGRMC2) and the androgen receptor (AR) were determined in malignant and benign breast tumors and control tissues.

Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2, syndecan-1 and connective tissue growth factor in benign and malignant breast tissue from premenopausal women.

Stromal factors have been identified as important for tumorigenesis and metastases of breast cancer. From 49 premenopausal women, samples were collected from benign or malignant tumors and the seemingly normal tissue adjacent to the tumor. The factors studied, with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry, were cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-1 and COX-2), syndecan-1 (S-1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF).

Expression of Estrogen Receptors in Relation to Hormone Levels and the Nottingham Prognostic Index.

Background: Estrogen hormones have a large impact on both normal development and tumorigenesis of the breast.

Materials And Methods: Breast tissue samples from 49 women undergoing surgery were included. The estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), ERα36 and G-coupled estrogen receptor-1 (GPER) were determined in benign and malignant breast tissue.

Predicting the effectiveness of insulin pump therapy on glycemic control in clinical practice: a retrospective study of patients with type 1 diabetes from 10 outpatient diabetes clinics in Sweden over 5 years.

Background: Multicenter long-term studies of predictors for the effectiveness of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in clinical practice are lacking. We hypothesized that there are substantially greater reductions in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in patients with poor glycemic control and that other predictors may also exist.

Subjects And Methods: We used data from 10 outpatient diabetic clinics in Sweden and studied CSII treatment over 5 years.

Impact of short periods with worsened or improved INR control on life expectancy and QALYs in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Introduction: Warfarin-treated patients with poor international normalized ratio (INR) control, measured with time in therapeutic range (TTR) or the standard deviation of transformed INR (SDTINR), have an increased risk for clinical events. To what extent only a short period with an altered INR control may influence outcomes remains unknown. This study assessed the impact of transient periods of worsened or improved INR control on life expectancy and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) among warfarin-treated patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) using both metrics.

Megestrol acetate may stimulate the production of insulin-like growth factor 1 in breast tissues of women with breast cancer.

Background: In women with breast cancer who were treated with either continuous tamoxifen alone or sequential tamoxifen followed by megestrol acetate (MA), we demonstrated significant positive associations between the breast tumor estrogen receptor (ER) and an increase in serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) during tamoxifen treatment. We interpreted this as "ER uniformity" in different tissues, e.g.

Hormone replacement therapy after breast cancer: 10 year follow up of the Stockholm randomised trial.

Background: The management of hormonal deficiency symptoms in breast cancer survivors is an unsolved problem. While hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may increase the risk of breast cancer in healthy women, its effects on recurrence is unclear. Observational studies have suggested decreased recurrence rates from HRT.

Effect on glycemic control by short- and long-term use of continuous glucose monitoring in clinical practice.

Background: In Sweden, patients with diabetes mellitus frequently receive short-term (<3 months) continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to study glucose patterns or long-term CGM to treat poor glycemic control or severe hypoglycemia. The effects of CGM on glycemic control in clinical practice in relation to indication and duration of use has not been completely studied.

Methods: Patients with diabetes, among which 99% were diagnosed as type 1, receiving CGM at 10 outpatient clinics in Sweden were studied retrospectively.

The relationship between the exposure time of insulin glargine and risk of breast and prostate cancer: an observational study of the time-dependent effects of antidiabetic treatments in patients with diabetes.

Aims: To elucidate methodological questions in assessing the relationship between insulin treatment and cancer, since the risk of tumour growth generally increases with longer exposure time and higher dose of a growth promoting substance.

Methods: Continuous hazard functions for risk of breast and prostate cancer were estimated in relation to exposure of insulin glargine among diabetic patients included in the record system, Diab-Base, as well as in the general population in Sweden.

Results: In 7942 female diabetic patients, mean follow-up 7.

Variability of INR and its relationship with mortality, stroke, bleeding and hospitalisations in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Unlabelled: BACKGROUND - RATIONALE FOR STUDY: Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of stroke and mortality which is reduced by treatment with warfarin. The most commonly used tool to assess the effectiveness of warfarin therapy is the time in therapeutic range (TTR) of International Normalised Ratio (INR) 2.0-3.

The shape of the metabolic memory of HbA1c: re-analysing the DCCT with respect to time-dependent effects.

Aims/hypothesis: We determined the shape of the metabolic memory of HbA1c and its contribution to retinopathy, as well as the importance of reducing HbA1c to prevent progression of retinopathy.

Methods: The relative risk contribution of HbA1c values at different points in time to current progression of retinopathy was determined in the DCCT patients.

Results: HbA1c 2 to 3 years earlier had the greatest relative risk contribution to current progression of retinopathy.

Health-related quality of life during hormone therapy after breast cancer: a randomized trial.

Aim: To study the effects of menopausal hormone therapy (HT) on health-related quality of life in women after breast cancer.

Patients And Methods: In the Stockholm trial, breast cancer survivors were randomized to HT (estradiol and progestogen) or to a control group (no treatment). A subgroup of 75 women was studied (38 with HT, 37 controls).

The true value of HbA1c as a predictor of diabetic complications: simulations of HbA1c variables.

Aim: The updated mean HbA1c has been used in risk estimates of diabetic complications, but it does not take into account the temporal relationship between HbA1c and diabetic complications. We studied whether the updated mean HbA1c underestimated the risk of diabetic complications.

Method: Continuous HbA1c curves for 10,000 hypothetical diabetes patients were simulated over an average of 7 years.

The effect of insulin lispro on glycemic control in a large patient cohort.

Background: The use of rapid-acting insulin analogs and regular insulin differs considerably in countries throughout the world. We therefore studied how glycemic control has been affected by using insulin lispro in clinical practice over 5 years in 14 hospitals in Sweden.

Methods: We used a time period when most patients had not changed the basal insulin, but only the mealtime insulin.

A method to predict the metabolic effects of changes in insulin treatment in subgroups of a large population based patient cohort.

This case-control study was designed to analyse predictors of the effects on HbA1c levels in 4001 type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients after changing their insulin treatment. Patients from 15 outpatient diabetic clinics were treated with basal insulin and multiple injections of short-acting insulin. The effects on HbA1c of changing from NPH insulin to insulin glargine as basal insulin were studied, compared to patients continuing with NPH insulin.

Optimal INR for prevention of stroke and death in atrial fibrillation: a critical appraisal.

Introduction: Patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation are at increased risk for systemic embolism, predominantly disabling stroke. To study how stroke and mortality rates vary with different degrees of anticoagulation reflected by the international normalised ratio (INR) we critically assess information from different sources.

Materials And Methods: 1.