Performance evaluation of buildup bolus during external radiotherapy of mastectomy patients: treatment planning and film dosimetry.

A buildup bolus is used during the post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) to overcome under-dosage issues in the chest wall. The current study is aimed at evaluating the performance of a bolus in dose enhancement through both film dosimetry and treatment planning approaches. Twenty patients were enrolled in current research.

One-pot multi-component synthesis of new bis-pyridopyrimidine and bis-pyrimidoquinolone derivatives.

A variety of bis-heterocycles such as bis(pyrimido[4,5-]quinolone), bis(chromeno[3',4':5,6]pyrido[2,3-]pyrimidine), bis(pyrido[2,3-:6,5-]dipyrimidine), and bis(benzo[]pyrimido[4,5-]quinolone) derivatives were synthesized one-pot, multi-component reaction of various 6-aminouracils or 6-aminothiouracils, terephthalaldehyde, and CH-acids such as 4-hydroxycoumarin, dimedone, 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, barbituric acid, and thiobarbituric acid in EtOH as a solvent at reflux. The mild conditions, fast rate of reaction, absence of catalyst, different functional group compatibility, simple operation and work-up involving no chromatographic process, are worth mentioning.

Rapid and catalyst free synthesis of new bis(benzo[]chromene) and bis(pyrano[3,2-]chromene) derivatives and optimization of reaction conditions using response surface methodology.

4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(2-(alkylamino)-3-nitro-4-benzo[]chromene-5,10-dione) and 4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(2-(alkylamino)-3-nitropyrano[3,2-]chromen-5(4)-one) derivatives are synthesized by a one-pot, multi-component reaction of -alkyl-1-(methylthio)-2-nitroethenamine (derived from the reaction of various amines and 1,1-bis(methylthio)-2-nitroethene) with terephthalaldehyde or isophthalaldehyde, and 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone or 4-hydroxycoumarin in EtOH/HO (85 : 15) as the solvent at 89 °C. Response surface methodology (RSM) is used to investigate the effect of reaction temperature and water content of aqueous ethanol on the product yields and reaction time. The notable features of this work are the optimization of reaction conditions with minimal experiments, absence of catalyst, good yields, simple work-up and the non-chromatographic purification of products.

Simple synthesis of new imidazopyridinone, pyridopyrimidinone, and thiazolopyridinone derivatives and optimization of reaction parameters using response surface methodology.

The reaction between ketene animal/ketene ,-acetals (derived from diamines/cysteamine hydrochloride and 1,1-bis(methylthio)-2-nitroethene) with aromatic aldehydes, and Meldrum's acid led to the title compounds. The reaction conditions were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The two independent variables (temperature and water content of aqueous ethanol), and the responses (yield of product and reaction time) were studied.

Efficient synthesis of new functionalized 2-(alkylamino)-3-nitro-4-(aryl)-4H-benzo[g]chromene-5,10-dione.

Structurally diverse benzo[g]chromenes were conveniently synthesized by one-pot, multi-component reaction of N-alkyl-1-(methylthio)-2-nitroethenamine (derived from the reaction of nitroketene dithioacetal with various amines), aromatic aldehydes and 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone in CHCN at room temperature within 10-25 min, without any catalyst. The notable advantages of the protocol are mild reaction conditions, absence of catalyst, very short reaction time, simple purification process involving no chromatographic process, compatibility with various functional groups and excellent product yields.

Chemoselective cyclization of 3-arylamino-2-hydroxy-tetrahydroindol-4-one in water at room temperature.

A convenient and green protocol is developed for the chemoselective synthesis of indole derivatives by the one-pot, multi-component reaction of 5,5-dimethyl-3-(arylamino)cyclohex-2-enone derivatives (derived from the addition of various anilines to dimedone) with phenylglyoxal monohydrate, and diverse anilines, in water at room temperature. Advantages of this reaction include the availability of starting materials, use of water as a green solvent, catalyst-free approach, simple work-up, high yields, and preparation of potentially bioactive compounds.

Synthesis of (E)-2-amino-N'-benzylidenehexahydroquinoline-3-carbohydrazide.

A one-pot, multi-component protocol for the synthesis of a new class of functionalized quinoline carbohydrazide derivatives via reaction of various anilines, dimedone, aromatic aldehydes, and cyanoacetohydrazide is described. The reactions are completed in the presence of catalytic amount of piperidine, respectively, in melt conditions and then in ethanol/water (1:1) as green solvent at 80 °C. Mild conditions, green medium, short reaction times, simple workup and purification process with no chromatographic technique, and good yields are the main advantages of this method.

Associations of dietary macronutrients with glomerular filtration rate and kidney dysfunction: Tehran lipid and glucose study.

Background: Although dietary components may play a role in the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), data on this topic are scarce. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between macronutrient intakes and CKD in a large non-diabetic adult population-based study.

Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 5,316 participants aged ≥27 years without diabetes within the framework of the Tehran lipid and glucose study.

General health and quality of life in patients with sexual dysfunctions.

Purpose: To study the general health and quality of life in patients with sexual dysfunctions.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and thirty-seven patients with diagnosis of a known sexual dysfunction (SD) were studied. A healthy group of 111 individuals matched for sex, education, and marital status were also selected as a control group.