The effect of pediatric drugs on color stability of bulk-fill and conventional composite resins.

The long-term use of pediatric medications can lead to discoloration of dental restorations, which affects their durability and longevity. The present in vitro study evaluated the effects of commonly used pediatric medications on the color stability of a conventional and a bulk-fill composite resin. For this study, 80 disc-shaped specimens of each composite were prepared in molds with a diameter of 6 mm and thicknesses of 2 or 4 mm (n = 40 per thickness per material).

Global polio eradication; can we replicate the smallpox success story?

Although the Global Polio Eradication Initiative has been largely successful in elimination of polio from various parts of the world, sporadic local outbreaks in non-endemic areas continue to pose a threat to global polio eradication efforts. In the two endemic countries, Pakistan and Afghanistan, a staggering 176 cases of wild poliovirus 1 (WPV1) were reported in 2019. In 2020 alone, 959 cases of Circulating Vaccine Derived Poliovirus 2 were reported globally from 27 countries.

Zinc arginine, a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, reduces rat ventral prostate weight and DNA without affecting testicular function.

Zinc has been implicated in steroid endocrinology of the prostate gland; and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is believed to express androgenic responses in the prostate. To note the effect of neutralized zinc (zinc gluconate + arginine) on the prostate, 50 sexually mature rats, weighing 325 +/- 20 g, were divided into five groups as follows: (1) control, (2) sham, (3) castrated, and injected intraprostatically with (4) 10 mg neutralized zinc, and (5) 20 mg neutralized zinc. Results indicated significant reduction (P < 0.

The importance of pre-freeze equilibration of glycerol in cryopreservation of human spermatozoa and the biochemical conversion of glycerol.

Objective: To find optimal conditions for cryopreservation of human spermatozoa with glycerol as cryoprotectant.

Materials And Methods: Pooled semen from groups of three normal donors was allowed to liquefy for 30 minutes at 37 degrees C. Samples were subjected to a prefreeze equilibration interval of 0, 30, or 60 minutes, with 5% or 10% glycerol, at 0 degrees C, 22 degrees C, or 37 degrees C.

Sterilization of dogs with intra-epididymal injection of zinc arginine.

Condoms and vasectomy are the only fertility control methods available to males. Fifty million surgical vasectomies have been performed worldwide. In spite of improvements in the surgical techniques, the widespread use of vasectomy is limited due mainly to fear of genital operation.

Chemical sterilization in the male part I: rats.

Adult male rats were injected intratesticularly with 3 mg and 6 mg zinc tannate (Kastrin) into each testis. Light microscopy and electron microscopy revealed that Kastrin is an effective irreversible chemical sterilant. Histological sections of testis indicated complete destruction of seminiferous tubules.

Effect of Panax ginseng on testosterone level and prostate in male rats.

Adult male rats were treated with 1% and 5% Panax Ginseng in their diet for 60 days. Control rats were used. There was an increase in daily food consumption without an increase in body weight of treated animals.

Effect of ultrasound on testicular electrolytes (sodium and potassium).

The testes of 50 rats were placed in a cup filled with water and received 1 W/cm2 of ultrasound for 15 min. Fluid was collected from the seminiferous tubules and rete testis of the treated and control groups at 1, 8, 12, and 24 hr intervals. Ultrasound increased the sodium concentration in the fluid of the seminiferous tubules, decreased the sodium concentration in the fluid of the rete testis, increased the potassium concentration in the fluid of the rete testis, and decreased the potassium concentration in the fluid of the seminiferous tubules.

Ultrasound as a new method of male contraception.

Twenty male cats were treated once or twice with 1 watt/sq cm of ultrasound for 10 minutes. Each of 24 male dogs received one to three treatments with 1 watt/sq cm for 10 minutes. Another six dogs were treated with 2 watts/sq cm for 15 minutes.

Effects of lead and cadmium on adrenal and thyroid functions in rats.

Seventy sexually mature male rats were injected with lead (50 and 250 mcg), cadmium, (50 and 250 mcg) and a mixture of lead (25 mcg) and cadmium (25 mcg) for 70 days. TSR results show that 250 mcg cadmium had a stimulating effect but 1/10 of the dose of cadmium plus 25 mcg lead had the opposite effect. Plasma thyroid hormones indicated that 50 mcg lead had a stimulating effect on T4 but cadmium and a mixture of lead and cadmium had a suppressing effect on both T4 and T3.

Effects of cadium on growth, sexual development, and metabolism in female rats.

Female rats were exposed to cadmium by multiple intramuscular injections of 250 mug CaCl2 for 54 days. Activity and haircoat were affected, sores on the sites of injection and persistent diestrus were observed in the treated rats. Morphological examination of organs revealed a smaller weight and size in reproductive organs and pituitary, but enlargement of liver, spleen, and kidney.

Environmental interaction of lead and cadmium on reproduction and metabolism of male rats.

To study the environmental interaction of lead and cadmium on reproduction and metabolism 70 male sprague Dawley rats were divided equally into 7 goups. Goups 1 and 2 served as controls, 3 and 4 were injected daily with 50 and 250 ug of lead respectively, 5 and 6 with 50 and 250 ug of cadmium respectively and group 7 with 25 ug of both lead and cadmium. After 70 days of injections rats were sacrificed.

Effects of subtoxic lead levels on pregnant women in the state of Missouri.

Cords, placentas, placental membranes, and maternal and fetal blood were collected from 249 women delivered in Columbia, Missouri (Region I). The same samples were obtained from 253 women delivered in Rolla, Missouri (Region II), near lead mining areas. The incidence of term pregnancies with early membrane rupture was 0.