Incidence of a Positive Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Screen-Detected Early Breast Cancer.

Introduction Current guidelines advocate for a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in patients with invasive breast cancer with negative axillary ultrasonography. However, emerging evidence has contradicted this, and SLNB omission has been found to be non-inferior in selected low-risk breast cancers. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the incidence of SLNB in screen-detected invasive breast cancer.

COMPARISON OF PLATELET RICH THERAPY ALONE WITH PLATELET RICH THERAPY ALONG WITH DAILY TOPICAL 5% PROCAPIL APPLICATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF ANDROGENETIC ALOPECIA.

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) affects up to 50% of males and 40% of females by the age of 50. It is the result of progressive, patterned hair loss that occurs in genetically predisposed individuals having hypersensitive androgen receptors in hair follicles. Due to the variable efficacy and adverse effect profile of FDA-approved drugs, newer and alternative modalities need to be utilized.

Impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review.

Background: Many studies have revealed a link between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), making understanding the relationship between these two conditions an absolute requirement.

Aim: To provide a qualitative synthesis on the currently present data evaluating COVID-19 and NAFLD.

Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the guidelines provided by preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses and the questionnaire utilized the population, intervention, comparison, and outcome framework.

Long-term outcomes of titanium-nitride-oxide coated stents and drug-eluting stents in acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: In severe cases of coronary artery disease, percutaneous coronary intervention provide promising results. The stent used could be a drug-eluting stent (DES) or a titanium-nitride-oxide coated stent (TiNOS).

Aim: To compare the 5-year effectiveness and safety of the two stent types.

A comparative analysis of postoperative visual outcomes following cataract surgery with different brands of Monofocal Intraocular Lenses.

Objective: To compare visual outcomes after cataract surgery using three intraocular lenses (IOL) of different prices but similar properties.

Methods: A comparative study with retrospective data of patients operated for phacoemulsification with monofocal IOL implants was carried out at Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital (AIEH) from April 2021 to Feb 2022. Patients with diabetes, any preoperative ocular morbidity and unclear diagnosis were excluded from the study.

Unsteady blood flow of Carreau fluid in a porous saturated medium with stenosis under the influence of acceleration and magnetic fields: A comprehensive analysis.

Blood flow in stenosed arteries is a common cause of cardiovascular diseases, leading to serious health problems. The present study aims to investigate the unsteady Womersley blood flow in a stenosed, porous saturated artery under the influence of acceleration and magnetic fields. The study utilizes a Carreau constitutive equation to model blood rheology and employs the finite difference technique to compute the governing equations under the assumption of unsteady, unidirectional, and laminar flow.

Ocular Complications Associated With Diabetes And The Risk Of Sustainable Blindness; A Real World Analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the frequencies of ocular comorbidities among patients with type II diabetes, and the association with multiple systemic factors.

Methods: The retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Al Ibrahim Eye Hospital, Karachi, and comprised diabetic eye clinic data from April 2014 to February 2022. Demographic, biochemical and ophthalmic findings of the patients were recorded.

Validity of Hand Held Fundus Camera by Optometrist using Slit lamp 90D bio microscopy as a reference standard for screening of Diabetes Retinopathy.

Objective: To find out the validity of hand-held fundus camera by optometrist using slit lamp 90D biomicroscopy as reference standard for screening of diabetes retinopathy.

Methods: The observational cross-sectional study was conducted at the diabetic clinic of Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital, Karachi, from August 2020 to May 2021, and comprised diabetics of either gender aged >16 years visiting the outpatient department. Un-dilated fundus photograph of both eyes were taken with non-mydriatic fundus camera.

Rose essential oil diminishes dopaminergic neuron degenerations and reduces α-synuclein aggregation in Caenorhabditis elegans models of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (P.D.) is the second most progressive neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly.

Reasons for refusing orthognathic surgery by orthodontic patients: A cross-sectional survey.

Objective: To find out the most common reasons for refusing orthognathic surgery and to compare the responses along gender lines and in terms of open-ended and closed-ended approaches.

Methods: The cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted from August to December 2020 at the Orthodontics Department of Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan, and comprised of patients who were planned for but refused orthognathic surgical treatment between January 2018 and July 2020. Data was collected through telephone-based interviews to record reasons of avoiding orthognathic surgery.

The Molecular Gut-Brain Axis in Early Brain Development.

Millions of nerves, immune factors, and hormones in the circulatory system connect the gut and the brain. In bidirectional communication, the gut microbiota play a crucial role in the gut-brain axis (GBA), wherein microbial metabolites of the gut microbiota regulate intestinal homeostasis, thereby influencing brain activity. Dynamic changes are observed in gut microbiota as well as during brain development.

Expression variation of OGG1 and HPRT gene and DNA damage in arsenic exposed industrial workers.

Arsenic exposure alters redox balance, induces DNA damage, and deregulates many genes. OGG1 gene involved in base repair mechanism, for excision of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) from DNA formed as a result of accumulation of ROS in cell. HPRT gene encode transferase enzymes involved in purine recycling mechanism.

Neuroprotective effects of cannabidiol on dopaminergic neurodegeneration and α-synuclein accumulation in C. elegans models of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) in the elderly, causing motor impediments and cognitive dysfunctions. Dopaminergic (DA) neuron degeneration and α-synuclein (α-Syn) accumulation in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNPc) are the major contributor to this disease. At present, the disease has no effective treatment.

A Wearable-based Preventive Model To Promote Oral Health Through Personalized Notification.

Wearable technology has great potential to develop human-centric healthcare applications. It reshapes our lifestyle by providing information related to physical activities, sleep monitoring, or heartbeat rhythms. In this paper, we present an innovative model for oral healthcare, which is prevention-focused to notify individuals about cleaning teeth activity.

Black mulberry (Morus nigra) fruit extract alleviated AD-Like symptoms induced by toxic Aβ protein in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans via insulin DAF-16 signaling pathway.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most severe neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, there is no effective treatment drug for AD. Morus nigra (M.

Effect of lip thickness and competency on soft-tissue changes.

Introduction: Improvement in facial esthetics is a major reason for seeking orthodontic treatment. Soft tissues responsible for esthetics show a variable response to the movement of underlying teeth during orthodontics.

Methods: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the response of soft tissues and compare it among groups presenting with different lip thickness and competence.

Autophagy activation by Terminalia chebula Retz. reduce Aβ generation by shifting APP processing toward non-amyloidogenic pathway in APPswe transgenic SH-SY5Y cells.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. Deposition of amyloid β plaques (Aβ) is a central hallmark of AD. Accumulating evidence suggest that shifting amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism pathway to non-amyloidogenic ways and inducing autophagy play key roles in AD pathology.

Walthard cyst of spermatic cord in the right inguinal hernia.

There are isolated case reports of Walthard cells in paratesticular structures although these benign epithelial cells are commonly found in relation to fallopian tubes. This is a second case report of cystic Walthard rest presented in an elderly man in right inguinal hernia.

AI-Driven Aeronautical Ad Hoc Networks for 6G Wireless: Challenges, Opportunities, and the Road Ahead.

Aeronautical ad hoc network (AANET) has been considered a promising candidate to complete the vision of "Internet in the sky" by supporting high-speed broadband connections on airplanes for 6G networks. However, the specific characteristics of AANET restrict the applicability of conventional topology and routing management algorithms. Here, these conventional methodologies reduce the packet delivery success of AANET with higher transfer delay.

Synthesis of Biogenic Silver Nanocatalyst and their Antibacterial and Organic Pollutants Reduction Ability.

Plant-mediated nanoparticles are gaining popularity due to biologically active secondary metabolites that aid in green synthesis. This study describes a simple, environmentally friendly, dependable, and cost-effective production of silver nanoparticles utilizing and aqueous leaf extracts. The aqueous leaf extracts of and , which worked as a reducing and capping agent, were used to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).

Anti-α-synuclein Toxicity and Anti-neurodegenerative Role of Chrysin in Transgenic Models of Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system in the elderly, causing motor impediments and cognitive dysfunctions. Dopaminergic (DA) neuron degeneration and α-synuclein (α-Syn) accumulation in substantia nigra pars compacta are the major contributors to this disease. At present, PD remains untreatable with a huge burden on the quality of life.

Strengthening the referral Chain and providing one window diabetes eye care facility to people with Type-2 Diabetes: A six-year follow-up study from Pakistan.

Objective: To report the results of implementation of two-pronged system for strengthening of referral and receiving end of referral chain for people with Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at a tertiary eye care hospital in Karachi.

Methods: This observational, cross sectional study was conducted from the data collected in "Strengthening Pakistan's response to Diabetic Retinopathy" project. Peripheral referral was improved through community awareness camps (n=48), refreshing knowledge of primary healthcare professionals (PHCP) and conducting retinopathy screening camps (n=85) in the community.

Visual outcomes of cataract surgery: An observational study of ten years from a tertiary eye care hospital in Pakistan.

Objectives: To observe and analyze the visual outcomes of cataract surgery of ten years at a tertiary eye care hospital, Karachi.

Methods: An observational study with retrospective data search was conducted in Al Ibrahim Eye Hospital (AIEH), Karachi. Data of all adults (above 16 years) who underwent cataract surgery from 2010-2019 was retrieved from HIMS.