Fluid management of acute kidney injury.

Purpose Of Review: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is commonly encountered in critical care medicine as is intravenous fluid therapy. It is accepted that there is interplay between fluid use and AKI, both potentially positive and negative. An understanding of the physiological rationale for fluid is important to help clinicians when considering fluid therapy in patients with, or at risk for AKI; this includes understanding choice of fluid, method of monitoring, administration and clinical sequelae.

Functional diversification within the heme-binding split-barrel family.

Due to neofunctionalization, a single fold can be identified in multiple proteins that have distinct molecular functions. Depending on the time that has passed since gene duplication and the number of mutations, the sequence similarity between functionally divergent proteins can be relatively high, eroding the value of sequence similarity as the sole tool for accurately annotating the function of uncharacterized homologs. Here, we combine bioinformatic approaches with targeted experimentation to reveal a large multifunctional family of putative enzymatic and nonenzymatic proteins involved in heme metabolism.

Fabry App: the value of a portable technology in recording day-to-day patient monitored information in patients with Fabry disease.

Background: Fabry disease is a rare inherited disorder resulting from deficient α-galactosidase A enzyme activity. Common disease manifestations are sweating abnormalities, neuropathic pain, gastrointestinal symptoms and fatigue. Challenges are faced by health care professionals in evaluating symptom burden in the current clinical setting, and the demand for alternative methods for monitoring disease-specific symptoms has seen an acceleration in recent years.

Two related families of metal transferases, ZNG1 and ZNG2, are involved in acclimation to poor Zn nutrition in Arabidopsis.

Metal homeostasis has evolved to tightly modulate the availability of metals within the cell, avoiding cytotoxic interactions due to excess and protein inactivity due to deficiency. Even in the presence of homeostatic processes, however, low bioavailability of these essential metal nutrients in soils can negatively impact crop health and yield. While research has largely focused on how plants assimilate metals, acclimation to metal-limited environments requires a suite of strategies that are not necessarily involved in metal transport across membranes.

High flow nasal cannula versus noninvasive ventilation in the treatment of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can lead to acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF), often treated using noninvasive ventilation (NIV). Emerging research suggests the potential utility of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) for AHRF. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effect of HFNC versus NIV on AHRF management.

Combined effect of microbially derived cecal SCFA and host genetics on feed efficiency in broiler chickens.

Background: Improving feed efficiency is the most important goal for modern animal production. The regulatory mechanisms of controlling feed efficiency traits are extremely complex and include the functions related to host genetics and gut microbiota. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as significant metabolites of microbiota, could be used to refine the combined effect of host genetics and gut microbiota.

Hyalomatrix coverage in scalp wounds with exposed cranium and dura.

Aim: The armamentarium of options available for soft tissue reconstruction of the scalp spans the reconstructive ladder. The purpose of this paper is to describe a case series of patients with exposed cranium and dura who were successfully reconstructed using esterified hyalomatrix (eHAM, Hyalomatrix, Medline Industries Inc., US).

Comparison of milk and grass composition from grazing Irish dairy herds with and without milk fat depression.

Background: This study investigated the factors relating to pasture chemical and fatty acid (FA) composition that influence the milk fat percentage of spring calving, grazing dairy cows. The relationship between milk fat percentage and FA composition of the milk in these herds was also investigated.

Results: Milk protein percentage, milk casein percentage and cheddar cheese yield were increased in milk from HMF herds.

Effects of Protein Supplementation Strategy and Genotype on Milk Production and Nitrogen Utilisation Efficiency in Late-Lactation, Spring-Calving Grazing Dairy Cows.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of (1) protein supplementation strategy, (2) cow genotype and (3) an interaction between protein supplementation strategy and cow genotype on milk production and nitrogen (N) utilisation efficiency (milk N output/ total dietary N intake × 100; NUE) in late-lactation, spring-calving grazing dairy cows. A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement experiment, with two feeding strategies [13% (lower crude protein; LCP) and 18% CP (higher CP; HCP) supplements with equal metabolisable protein supply] offered at 3.6 kg dry matter/cow perday, and two cow genotype groups [lower milk genotype (LM) and higher milk genotype (HM)], was conducted over 53 days.

Point-of-care ultrasound-guided pericapsular nerve group block for superior pubic ramus fracture in the emergency department: A case report.

Pelvic fragility fractures, such as pubic ramus fractures, are a common and painful condition in the elderly population. Despite this, there are few regional anaesthesia options available to effectively relieve pain in these fracture types and avoid potential side effects from opioid administration. This case report describes an elderly patient with a superior ramus fracture, who received effective pain relief with motor sparing, using a standard-volume point-of-care ultrasound-guided pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block performed in the emergency department.

Effects of calcareous marine algae on milk production, feed intake, energy balance, mineral status, and inflammatory markers in transition dairy cows.

The objective of this experiment was to compare the effects of calcareous marine algae (CMA; Acid Buf, Celtic Sea Minerals) with a limestone-based control on feed intake, milk production, energy balance, serum mineral metabolites, and inflammatory markers in transition dairy cows. Twenty-two multiparous and 10 primiparous cows were assigned to 2 treatments from 25 d before expected parturition until 42 d postpartum. Cows were assigned to treatment according to a randomized complete block design based on parity, pre-experimental body condition score, previous 305-d milk yield, and either fat + protein yield (for multiparous cows) or predicted transmitting ability for milk yield and fat + protein yield (for primiparous cows).

Pericapsular nerve group block for hip fracture is feasible, safe and effective in the emergency department: A prospective observational comparative cohort study.

Objectives: The pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block was first described for analgesia of hip fracture in 2018. We hypothesised that the PENG block is safe and effective for patients with hip fracture when provided by emergency physicians and trainees in the ED.

Methods: This was an observational study of routine care.

An overview of international genetic evaluations of show jumping in sport horses.

The breeding of sport horses to compete in the Olympic disciplines of show jumping, eventing, and dressage is fast becoming a global industry with the increased use of reproductive technologies, including artificial insemination and embryo transfer. Reproductive technologies have facilitated the dissemination of genetics from elite horses across multiple countries and breeds as breeders are no longer limited by location. Due to this increased level of crossbreeding, there is an increased need for estimated breeding values (EBVs) for sport horse performance that can be compared across breeds and countries.

Comparison of genomic prediction methods for residual feed intake in broilers.

Residual feed intake (RFI) is a measure of the feed efficiency of animals. Previous studies have identified SNPs associated with RFI. The objective of this study was to compare the GBLUP model with the GA-BLUP model including previously identified associated SNPs.

An investigation into the accuracy of follow-on GPRS/mobile data CDRs.

This study investigated the accuracy of 3G and 4G follow-on GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)/mobile data CDRs (Call Detail Records) from three UK mobile network operators (EE, Vodafone and Three). Follow-on GPRS/mobile data CDRs are currently considered to be more open to misinterpretation than voice/SMS CDRs as uncertainties exist regarding the correspondence between the timestamp and the Cell ID presented within the CDRs. Consequently, follow-on GPRS/mobile CDRs may be disregarded during criminal investigations, potentially losing valuable intelligence and evidence.

Economics of timed artificial insemination with unsorted or sexed semen in a high-producing, pasture-based dairy production system.

This study used a stochastic simulation model to estimate the potential economic benefit of using timed artificial insemination (TAI) in combination with conventional unsorted (TCONV) and sexed (TSEX) semen in heifers only (TCONV-H, TSEX-H) and in both heifers and lactating cows (TCONV-HC, TSEX-HC) in a high-producing, pasture-based production system. The scenarios were compared with a conventional reproductive policy (CONV) in which heifers and cows were inseminated with conventional unsorted semen after estrus detection. Sensitivity analysis was also used to estimate the effect of hormone costs from TAI use on the profitability of each program relative to CONV.

Effect of supplement crude protein concentration on milk production over the main grazing season and on nitrogen excretion in late-lactation grazing dairy cows.

The objectives of this study are to evaluate the effects of (1) a potential interaction between supplement crude protein (CP) concentration and differing cow genotypes on milk production, (2) differing cow genotypes on milk production, and (3) decreasing the supplement CP concentration on milk production and N excretion during the main grazing season within a spring-calving herd. A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement experiment, with 2 feeding strategies [14%; n = 30 (lower CP; LCP) and 18%; n = 28 (higher CP; HCP) CP concentrate supplements] offered at varying levels according to pasture availability and days in milk (DIM) was conducted over the main grazing season from April 3 to September 3, 2019, at University College Dublin Lyons Farm. Cows were also grouped into 2 genotype groups: lower milk genotype; n = 30 [LM; milk kg predicted transmitting ability (PTA): 45 ± 68.

Bmi1 Regulates Wnt Signaling in Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells.

Polycomb group protein Bmi1 is essential for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and terminal differentiation. However, its target genes in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are largely unknown. We performed gene expression profiling assays and found that genes of the Wnt signaling pathway are significantly elevated in Bmi1 null hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs).

Immunological aspects of ovarian follicle ovulation and corpus luteum formation in cattle.

Ovulation has been described as an inflammatory event, characterized by an influx of leukocytes into the ovulatory follicle and changes in the expression profile of immune factors in both the theca and granulosa tissue layers. Since information on this process is limited in cattle, our objective was to elucidate the contribution of the immune system to dominant follicle luteinization, ovulation and corpus luteum (CL) formation in cattle. Beef heifers (n = 50) were oestrous synchronized, slaughtered and ovarian follicular or luteal tissue collected during a 96 h window around ovulation.

"I Couldn't Be Better": Assessing Self-Awareness With the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory-4 Following TBI.

Introduction/objective: To describe level of awareness, as assessed by the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory-4 (MPAI-4), across physical, cognitive, functional, and emotional domains in individuals with mild, moderate, and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) participating in a residential rehabilitation program. In addition, this study aimed to examine the relationship between time since injury and awareness. A novel way the MPAI-4 can be used to measure self-awareness is also presented.

The effect of nutritional management in early lactation and dairy cow genotype on milk production, metabolic status, and uterine recovery in a pasture-based system.

High levels of milk production coupled with low feed intake cause negative energy balance in early lactation, especially in the first month postpartum (PP). Therefore, specific nutritional management at this time may improve nutritional and metabolic status with the possibility of contrasting genotypes responding differently. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the effects of nutritional management strategies and dairy cow genotype on milk production, metabolic status, and some fertility parameters during early lactation in a pasture-based system.

Effects of herd fertility on the economics of sexed semen in a high-producing, pasture-based dairy production system.

This study used a stochastic simulation model to estimate the potential economic benefit of using sexed semen in heifers only and in heifers and lactating cows in a high-producing, pasture-based system under 3 fertility scenarios. Three breeding strategies were modeled: (1) only heifers inseminated with sexed semen and cows inseminated with conventional unsexed semen (SSH); (2) both heifers and cows inseminated with sexed semen (SSHC); and (3) a reference scenario in which all females were inseminated with conventional, unsexed semen (CONV). Each scenario was evaluated under 3 herd fertility states: high (HF), medium (MF), and low (LF), which, under the reference scenario, corresponded to herd replacement rates of 21, 25, and 31%, respectively.

Omega-3 index and blood pressure responses to eating foods naturally enriched with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: a randomized controlled trial.

Diets low in seafood omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are very prevalent. Such diets have recently been ranked as the sixth most important dietary risk factor-1.5 million deaths and 33 million disability-adjusted life-years worldwide are attributable to this deficiency.

Author Correction: Mutant p53 drives clonal hematopoiesis through modulating epigenetic pathway.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.