The resolvin D2 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid as a new possible therapeutic approach for inflammatory bowel diseases.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are idiopathic disorders characterized by chronic gastrointestinal inflammation. Given conventional therapies' adverse effects and clinical failures, novel approaches are being investigated. Recent studies have highlighted the role of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) in the active resolution of chronic inflammation.

Pouchitis: insight into the pathogenesis and clinical aspects.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease. Both diseases, despite being different, may require the same surgical procedure: proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). The main complication after this procedure is pouch inflammation (pouchitis).

Anti-TNF therapy and immunogenicity in inflammatory bowel diseases: a translational approach.

Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic illnesses that involve intestinal inflammation and are usually diagnosed as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. As these diseases do not have a cure, the goal of treatment is to induce and maintain remission. Monoclonal antibodies have been recognized as the most advanced therapy to avoid complications and reduce the need for surgical approaches.

Assessment of disease activity in inflammatory bowel diseases: Non-invasive biomarkers and endoscopic scores.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) comprise two major forms: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The diagnosis of IBD is based on clinical symptoms combined with results found in endoscopic and radiological examinations. In addition, the discovery of biomarkers has significantly improved the diagnosis and management of IBD.

Whole transcriptional analysis identifies markers of B, T and plasma cell signaling pathways in the mesenteric adipose tissue associated with Crohn's disease.

Background: Crohn's disease (CD) is a multifactorial disease characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation. The increased visceral adiposity near the affected intestinal area, of which mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) is the main component, is a feature of CD. Both protective and pathological roles have been attributed to this disease-associated tissue in CD.

ER stress activation in the intestinal mucosa but not in mesenteric adipose tissue is associated with inflammation in Crohn's disease patients.

Chronic/abnormal activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is linked to the exacerbation of the inflammatory process and has been recently linked to Crohn's disease (CD) pathophysiology. We investigated the intestinal mucosa and the mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) collected from CD patients with active disease (CD group) and from non-IBD patients (CTR group) to study ER stress activation and to address tissue-specific modulation in CD. The intestinal mucosa of CD patients showed an upregulation in the expression of ER stress related genes, including ATF3, DNAJC3, STC2, DDIT3, CALR, HSPA5 and HSP90B1.

Serum Levels of Infliximab and Anti-Infliximab Antibodies in Brazilian Patients with Crohn's Disease.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quantitative serum level of infliximab (IFX) as well as the detection of anti-infliximab antibodies (ATIs) in patients with Crohn's disease (CD).

Method: Forty patients with CD under treatment at a tertiary center in southeastern Brazil were evaluated. Their use of infliximab was continuous and regular.

Paraestomal hernia with gastric outlet obstruction: a case report and literature review.

An 69-year-old obese woman was submitted to an abdominoperineal resection (APR) with left side end colostomy to treat a synchronic sigmoid and middle rectum cancer. Six months after APR, she develop a PH with a progressive increase of the size. The patient refused the surgical indication.

Transcriptional and Molecular Pathways Activated in Mesenteric Adipose Tissue and Intestinal Mucosa of Crohn's Disease Patients.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder, characterized by cytokine imbalance and transcription signaling pathways activation. In addition, the increase of mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) near the affected intestinal area is a hallmark of CD. Therefore, we evaluated the transcription signaling pathways and cytokines expression in intestinal mucosa and MAT of active CD patients.

NEOADJUVANT THERAPY AND SURGERY FOR RECTAL CANCER. Comparative study between partial and complete pathological response.

Background: The approach of locally advanced extra-peritoneal rectal adenocarcinoma implies a treatment with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy associated with total mesorectal excision surgery. However, the tumors respond variably to this neoadjuvant therapy, and the mechanisms for response are not completely understood.

Objective: Evaluate the variables related to the complete tumor response and the outcomes of patients who underwent surgery, comparing those with partial tumor regression and those with total remission of rectal lesion, at the pathological examination.

Long-term outcome of perineal rectosigmoidectomy for rectal prolapse.

Introduction: Rectal prolapse is a disabling condition that often affects older patients with multiple comorbidities making complex surgeries impossible to perform.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients who underwent perineal rectosigmoidectomy (Altemeier procedure) for rectal prolapse from January 1999 to March 2015 was performed in a Reference Hospital, being evaluated complications and surgery recurrence.

Results: Thirty-six Altemeier procedures were performed in 33 patients during the study.

Dietary risk factors for colorectal cancer in Brazil: a case control study.

Background: High meat intake and low consumption of vegetables, fruits and whole grains have been associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer in some relevant cohort studies conducted in distinct ethnic populations. The role of the dietary pattern on the risk of sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma (SCA) in Brazil is unknown; therefore, it was the aim of the present study.

Methods: The dietary patterns of 169 patients with SCA and 101 controls were analysed by food frequency recall.

C936T polymorphism of the VEGF gene in relation to the risk and the clinical and biological characteristics of sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Background: One of the main glycoproteins responsible for angiogenesis is the vascular endothelial growth factor. It is believed that C936T polymorphism, located in the VEGF gene, is correlated with susceptibility towards development of sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to identify the frequencies of the genotypes of C936T polymorphism of the VEGF gene in patients with sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma, in comparison with controls, and whether this correlates with the degree of tumor invasion, lymph node involvement and occurrence of metastases at the time of the diagnosis.

Effect of yogurt containing polydextrose, Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Bifidobacterium lactis HN019: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study in chronic constipation.

Background: Constipation is a frequent complaint and the combination of a prebiotic and probiotics could have a potentially synergic effect on the intestinal transit. The present study therefore aims to investigate the combination of polydextrose (Litesse), L. acidophilus NCFM® and B.

Multiple desmoid tumors in a patient with Gardner's syndrome - Report of a case.

Introduction: Desmoid tumor (DT) is a common manifestation of Gardner's Syndrome (GS), although it is a rare condition in the general population. DT in patients with GS is usually located in the abdominal wall and/or intra-abdominal cavity.

Presentation Of Case: We report a case of a 32 years-old female patient with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), who was already submitted to total colectomy and developed multiple DT, located in the abdominal wall and in the left breast.

Influence of the peritoneal lavage with bupivacaine on the survival and resistance of colonic anastomoses performed under fecal peritonitis in rats.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of peritoneal lavage with bupivacaine on survival and initial resistance of anastomosis on distal colon, performed under peritonitis or not.

Methods: Forty rats, weighing from 300 to 350 g (321.29 ± 11.

Toll-like receptor 4, F4/80 and pro-inflammatory cytokines in intestinal and mesenteric fat tissue of Crohn's disease.

Introduction: Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic intestinal ailment with a multifactorial etiology, whose incidence has increased during the last three decades. Recently, a role for mesenteric fat has been proposed in CD pathophysiology, since fat hypertrophy is detected nearby the affected intestinal area; however, there are few studies on this aspect.

Aim: To evaluate inflammatory activity in intestinal mucosa and mesenteric fat tissue of patients with CD and controls.

Autophagy is decreased in mesenteric fat tissue but not in intestinal mucosae of patients with Crohn's disease.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic intestinal disease with a multifactorial etiology. Recently, a role for mesenteric fat has been proposed in CD pathophysiology, since fat hypertrophy is detected close to the affected intestinal area; however, there are few studies regarding autophagy and the hypertrophied mesenteric tissue in CD. To evaluate autophagy-related proteins in intestinal mucosae and mesenteric fat of patients with CD and controls, patients with ileocecal CD (CD Group) and with non-inflammatory disease (FC Group) selected for surgery were studied.

Differential expression of TLR2, TLR4 and JNK in mucosa of ileal pouches for ulcerative colitis. Is there a role for bacterial antigen pathway in asymptomatic patients?

Introduction: Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the preferred surgical procedure for patients with refractory ulcerative colitis (UC) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). However, pouchitis is the most common complication after IPAA in UC patients and only occurs after ileostomy closure. Therefore, it is important to get more information about the role of the ileal pouch microbiota and mucosa susceptibility to inflammation in UC patients.

Variation of the anal resting pressure induced by postexpiratory apnea effort in patients with constipation.

Context: Intestinal constipation--a common symptom among the general population--is more frequent in women. It may be secondary to an improper diet or organic or functional disturbances, such as dyskinesia of the pelvic floor. This is basically characterized by the absence of relaxation or paradoxical contraction of the pelvic floor and anal sphincter during evacuation.

Evaluation of lateral lymph node metastases in advanced distal rectal cancer.

Background/aims: The importance of lateral node dissection has not yet been fully investigated in advanced rectal cancer. To evaluate tumor cells in perirectal and lateral lymph nodes dissection from rectal adenocarcinomas considered free of disease by the hematoxylin-eosin test.

Methodology: Fifteen patients submitted to neoadjuvant therapy and surgery for rectal adenocarcinoma with lateral node dissection were studied, retrospectively.