Molecular Detection and Characterization of spp. in Cattle in Nigeria.

Background: Haemonchosis is a major parasitic infestation in ruminant livestock, causing significant economic losses annually. The causative organisms are helminths of the genus spp. Detection of the causative agent is important for effective management and control of the disease.

Pathology and molecular detection of influenza A subtype H9N2 virus in commercial poultry in Nigeria, 2024.

Background: After the first Avian Influenza H5N1 outbreak in Nigerian poultry in 2006, subsequent waves of outbreaks occurred, causing substantial losses. Despite effective control measures by 2008, a resurgence in 2015 led to further losses and required depopulation efforts.

Aim: The aim of this study was to do pathology and molecular detection of influenza A subtype H9N2 virus in commercial poultry in Nigeria during 2024.

Frondoside A of Cucumaria frondosa (Gennerus, 1767): Chemistry, biosynthesis, medicinal applications, and mechanism of actions.

Cucumaria frondosa (Gennerus, 1767) or orange-footed sea cucumbers are traditional food and are used as natural sources of anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents. Currently, the introduction of value-added sea cucumber products to the global market has inspired basic research on frondoside A and other saponins in sea cucumbers. These saponins serve as a means of their chemical defence.

Sea Cucumber and Blueberry Extracts Suppress Inflammation and Reduce Acute Lung Injury through the Regulation of NF-κB/MAPK/JNK Signaling Pathway in Lipopolysaccharide-Treated C57BL/6 Mice.

Acute lung injury (ALI) represents a life-threatening condition with high morbidity and mortality despite modern mechanical ventilators and multiple pharmacological strategies. Therefore, there is a need to develop efficacious interventions with minimal side effects. The anti-inflammatory activities of sea cucumber () and wild blueberry () extracts have been reported recently.

A supervised machine learning approach for the prediction of antioxidant activities of seed.

This research aimed at modelling and predicting the antioxidant activities of seed extract using four (4) data-driven models. Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-nearest Neighbour (k-NN), and Decision Tree (DT) were used as modelling algorithms for the construction of a non-linear empirical model to predict the antioxidant properties of seed extract. Datasets for the modelling operation were obtained from a Box Behnken design while the hyperparameters of the ANN, SVM, k-NN and DT were determined using a 10-fold cross-validation technique.

Assessment of Colocasia esculenta leaf extract as a natural alternative for Sitophilus zeamais control: Toxicological, biochemical, and mechanistic insights.

The present study assessed the toxicological, biochemical, and mechanism of action of Colocasia esculenta leaf extract (CELE) on Wistar albino rat and on cholinergic, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory enzymes in Sitophilus zeamais. This was with a view to assessing the potential benefits and safety profile of CELE as a natural alternative for insect control. The bioactivity of the fraction was evaluated using insecticidal and repellent activities against colonies of Sitophilus zeamais to obtain a VLC-chromatographed fraction which was spectroscopically characterized and investigated for enzyme inhibition.

Saponins of North Atlantic Sea Cucumber: Chemistry, Health Benefits, and Future Prospectives.

Frondosides are the major saponins (triterpene glycosides) of the North Atlantic sea cucumber (). Frondosides possess amphiphilic characteristics due to the presence of various hydrophilic sugar moieties and hydrophobic genin (sapogenin). Saponins are abundant in holothurians, including in sea cucumbers that are widely distributed across the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean.

Role of Antioxidant Vitamins and Other Micronutrients on Regulations of Specific Genes and Signaling Pathways in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer.

Cancer is an escalating global issue, with 19.3 million new cases and 9.9 million deaths in 2020.

Molecular characterization of Newcastle disease virus vaccines in Nigeria.

Background And Aim: Newcastle disease (ND) caused by ND virus (NDV) is a serious impediment to effective poultry production in developing countries such as Nigeria. Despite employing vaccination and other control measures to curtail this disease, its severe forms still persist. This study aimed to confirm the virus strains in the NDV vaccine brands commonly used in Nigeria.

antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol stem-bark extract of K.D. Koenig.

() K.D. Koenig (Family Sapindaceae) is a branchless straight bole approximately 15 m in length.

Understanding how different modification processes affect the physiochemical, functional, thermal, morphological structures and digestibility of cardaba banana starch.

In this study, starch was isolated from cardaba banana starch and was subjected to modification by heat-moisture treatment, citric acid, octenyl succinic anhydride, and sodium hexametaphosphate. Both the native and modified cardaba banana starches were examined for chemical, functional, pasting, thermal, morphological, structural, and antioxidant properties, as well as in vitro starch digestibility. Modification significantly influenced the properties of the cardaba banana starch.

Diagnostic Performance of a Rapid Immunochromatographic Test Kit for Detecting Canine Parvovirus Infection.

In dogs, canine parvovirus (CPV) enteritis is associated with high morbidity and fatality rates requiring early diagnosis to facilitate treatment and reduce its spread. In recent times, various commercial immunochromatographic (IC) test kits are available for its rapid diagnosis, which require an assessment of their accuracy. Therefore, precision of a point-of-care IC combination test kit for canine coronavirus (CCoV)/CPV faecal antigen detection was evaluated in this study.

Exercise, CaMKII, and type 2 diabetes.

Individuals who exercise regularly are protected from type 2 diabetes and other metabolic syndromes, in part by enhanced gene transcription and induction of many signaling pathways crucial in correcting impaired metabolic pathways associated with a sedentary lifestyle. Exercise activates Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK)II, resulting in increased mitochondrial oxidative capacity and glucose transport. CaMKII regulates many health beneficial cellular functions in individuals who exercise compared with those who do not exercise.

Molecular detection and characterization of var using skin scrapings and skin biopsies.

Canine sarcopticosis is a highly infectious and debilitating parasitic skin disease of dogs. Its diagnosis stands challenging as the golden standard of diagnosis; skin scraping microscopy is characterized by several diagnostic variations. Study thus employed several alternate diagnostic approaches using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) on skin scrapings and skin biopsies.

Role of CaMKII in the regulation of fatty acids and lipid metabolism.

Background & Aims: Previous studies have reported the beneficial roles of the activation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK)II to many cellular functions associated with human health. This review aims at discussing its activation by exercise as well as its roles in the regulation of unsaturated, saturated, omega 3 fatty acids, and lipid metabolism.

Methods: A wide literature search was conducted using online database such as 'PubMed', 'Google Scholar', 'Researcher', 'Scopus' and the website of World Health Organization (WHO) as well as Control Disease and Prevention (CDC).

Biodegradation of cyanide in cassava wastewater using a novel thermodynamically-stable immobilized rhodanese.

Extracellular rhodanese obtained from was employed in both free and immobilized forms for the biodegradation of cyanide present in cassava processing mill effluent (). Crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (at an optimum concentration of 5% v/v) before entrapment in alginate beads resulted in the highest immobilization yield of 94.5% and reduced enzyme leakage of 1.

Molecular characterisation of canine parvoviruses from clinical samples and vaccines in Nigeria.

Canine parvovirus (CPV) the causative agent of canine parvovirus enteritis is an intractable pathogen of dogs characterised by mutations, evolutionary changes and eventual vaccine failure. The disease is a serious problem in dogs with limited studies conducted in Nigeria. Therefore, this study was designed to characterise the subtypes of CPV isolates in six commonly used vaccines and 157 clinical samples collected from seven states in Nigeria from June 2016 to March 2018.

UHPLC/GC-TOF-MS metabolomics, MTT assay, and molecular docking studies reveal physostigmine as a new anticancer agent from the ethyl acetate and butanol fractions of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. fruit extracts.

Kigelia africana plant is widely used as a herbal remedy in preventing the onset and the treatment of cancer-related infections. With the increase in the research interest of the plant, the specific chemical compound or metabolite that confers its anticancer properties has not been adequately investigated. The ethyl acetate and butanol fractions of the fruit extracts were evaluated by 2-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay against four different cell lines, with the ethyl acetate fraction having inhibition concentration values of 0.

Metabolome modulatory effects of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. fruit extracts on oxidative stress, hyperlipidaemic biomarkers in STZ-induced diabetic rats and antidiabetic effects in 3T3 L1 adipocytes.

Objectives: The management of diabetes is considered a global problem, and a cure is yet to be discovered. This study investigated the modulatory effect of Kigelia africana fruit on oxidative stress and hyperlipidaemic biomarkers in STZ-induced diabetic rats, profiled phytoconstituents using GC-TOF-MS and evaluated antidiabetic effects on 3T3 L1 adipocytes.

Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats (120-150 g) were divided into six groups (n = 5).

Exploration of Modern Chromatographic Methods Coupled to Mass Spectrometric Techniques for Trace Element and Chemical Composition Analyses in the Leaf Extracts of Kigelia africana.

The use of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. plant dates back to last century.

Changes in the biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters in STZ-Induced diabetic rats and the ameliorative effect of fruit extract.

Background: Biochemical, hematological and histological changes are major observable clinical and pathological factors associated with . Derangement in the levels of these parameters increases the risk of the development of complications. In another hand, gastrointestinal intolerance due to the development of lactic acidosis on the gastrointestinal tract and the intestinal microbiome is the toxic side effect of various synthetic antidiabetic agents.

Pathology and molecular diagnosis of canine parvoviral enteritis in Nigeria: case report.

This report describes the clinical presentation, pathology and molecular diagnosis of canine parvovirus infection in male Boerboel and female Alsatian puppies. The history of the dogs was considered, examined clinically for vital parameters, haemogram changes and faeces screened for parasites and canine parvovirus faecal antigen. Tissue samples were taken at necropsy for confirmatory diagnosis using histopathology, immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis.

Limited Intrahost Diversity and Background Evolution Accompany 40 Years of Canine Parvovirus Host Adaptation and Spread.

Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly successful pathogen that has sustained pandemic circulation in dogs for more than 40 years. Here, integrating full-genome and deep-sequencing analyses, structural information, and experimentation, we describe the macro- and microscale features that accompany CPV's evolutionary success. Despite 40 years of viral evolution, all CPV variants are more than ∼99% identical in nucleotide sequence, with only a limited number (<40) of substitutions becoming fixed or widespread during this time.

Evaluation of Phytochemicals, Antioxidants, Trace Elements in Kigelia africana Fruit Extracts and Chemical Profiling Analysis Using UHPLC-qTOF-MS Spectrometry.

The study aimed at evaluating the phytochemical composition, antioxidant potentials and the levels of trace elements in the fruit extract of Kigelia africana obtained by different extraction solvents in order to ascertain its numerous pharmacological activities and identify the different chemical compounds responsible for these activities. The crude extract in ethanol and four other solvent fractions (hexane, ethylacetate, butanol and aqueous) were obtained for phytochemical screening. Antioxidant potentials of K.

Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of canine parvovirus-2 isolates in dogs revealed circulation of three subtypes in Nigeria.

Canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) is the most common viral cause of gastroenteritis in puppies in Nigeria and worldwide. After its emergence in 1978, the wild-type CPV-2 was rapidly replaced by three antigenic subtypes CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c. Subtype CPV-2a has been reported in Nigeria based on limited number of samples.