Castleman disease mimicking accessory spleen on imaging: A case report.

Castleman disease (CD) is a nonclonal lymphoproliferative disorder that causes non-neoplastic lymph node enlargement. With an incidence of approximately 21-25 cases per million, CD presents variably, often mimicking both benign and malignant conditions across various body regions. Clinically, it ranges from asymptomatic lymph node enlargement in Unicentric Castleman's Disease (UCD) to aggressive, multicentric presentations affecting multiple organs.

Relationship Between Lower Esophageal Sphincter Muscles Thickness and Their Response to Pneumatic Dilation in Patients With Achalasia.

Background: Prognostic factors play a major role in managing achalasia patients treated with pneumatic dilatation (PD) and understanding the pathophysiology of the disease. In this regard, the muscular thickness of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) has drawn attention in recently published studies.

Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed achalasia were included consecutively in this study, and Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) was used to determine the thickness of longitudinal and circular muscles of LES.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as an index of treatment response to trans-arterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aim: We evaluated the response to Trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients according to modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) criteria. We determined the prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR).

Background: TACE is the most commonly used method to treat patients with large, unresectable tumors or as bridge therapy in patients with HCC before liver transplantation.

Differentiating malignant from benign splenic lesions: a meta-analysis and pictorial review of imaging features.

Objectives: Splenic lesions might exhibit overlapping imaging features, varying from benign entities like cysts and hemangiomas to malignancies such as lymphoma and angiosarcoma. This meta-analysis aims to delineate imaging characteristics that distinguish malignant from benign splenic lesions.

Methods: Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies on imaging features differentiating malignant from benign splenic lesions.

Diagnostic performance of different imaging modalities for splenic malignancies: A comparative meta-analysis.

Background And Objectives: The spleen hosts both benign and malignant lesions. Despite multiple imaging modalities, the distinction between these lesions poses a diagnostic challenge, marked by varying diagnostic accuracy levels across methods. In this study, we aimed to evaluate and compare the diagnostic performance of various imaging techniques for detecting malignant splenic lesions.

Devastating fungal endocarditis involving ascending aorta in a patient with a history of aortic valve replacement: a case report.

Background: Fungal endocarditis is a rare but serious condition associated with high mortality rates. Various predisposing factors contribute to its occurrence, such as underlying cardiac abnormalities, cardiac surgeries, prosthetic cardiac devices, and central venous catheters. Diagnosing fungal endocarditis, particularly Aspergillus, poses challenges, often complicated by negative blood cultures.

Segmentation of liver and liver lesions using deep learning.

Segmentation of organs and lesions could be employed for the express purpose of dosimetry in nuclear medicine, assisted image interpretations, and mass image processing studies. Deep leaning created liver and liver lesion segmentation on clinical 3D MRI data has not been fully addressed in previous experiments. To this end, the required data were collected from 128 patients, including their T1w and T2w MRI images, and ground truth labels of the liver and liver lesions were generated.

Texture analysis on routine MRI sequences to differentiate between focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma.

Purpose: We investigated the diagnostic power of texture analysis (TA) performed on MRI (T2-weighted, gadolinium-enhanced, and diffusion-weighted images) to differentiate between focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and hepatocellular adenoma (HCA).

Material And Methods: This was a retrospective single-centre study. Patients referred for liver lesion characterization, who had a definitive pathological diagnosis, were included.

Vanishing bile duct syndrome-related jaundice as the first presentation of Hodgkin lymphoma.

Vanishing bile duct syndrome is a rare, acquired disease that has been described in different pathologic conditions' including adverse drug reactions, autoimmune diseases, graft vs host disease, and neoplasms. It is a condition characterized by progressive loss of intrahepatic bile ducts leading to ductopenia and cholestasis. Here we report a 27-year-old female who presented with jaundice and cholestatic hepatitis and was finally diagnosed with vanishing Bile duct syndrome secondary to Hodgkin lymphoma.

Skull base osteomyelitis: A case report of Garcin syndrome due to mucormycosis in COVID pandemic.

Garcin syndrome is characterized by progressive unilateral multiple cranial nerve palsy without the presence of intracranial hypertension. In this case, we present a patient who experienced lower cranial nerve (CN 9-12) involvement attributed to post-mucormycosis osteomyelitis of the skull base. The osteomyelitis resulting from mucormycosis led to the development of Garcin syndrome, which manifested as progressive paralysis of the cranial nerves.

Predictors of outcome in cryptoglandular anal fistula according to magnetic resonance imaging: A systematic review.

Background And Aims: Anal fistula (AF) with cryptoglandular origin tends to recur, and multiple risk factors are implicated. Recently, some magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings with predictive value for disease outcomes have been proposed. These intrinsic anatomic features include those of the AF and its surrounding structures.

Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis - A rare fungal infection: Challenging to diagnose yet treatable - Case report and literature review.

Gastrointestinal Basidiobolomycosis is a rare manifestation of Basidiobolus ranarum infection. In this report, we present two cases of gastrointestinal Basidiobolomycosis. The first patient presented with obstructive symptoms, fever, and weight loss.

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) in the liver allograft presenting with a mass-like lesion.

This is a rare case of extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) presenting as a mass-like lesion in liver allograft. Our patient was a 57-year-old woman who had undergone liver transplantation due to hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. She presented with an ill-defined hypoechoic lesion on ultrasound which showed features of focal EMH on pathologic examinations.

Evaluation of Follow-Up CT Scans in Patients with Severe Initial Pulmonary Involvement by COVID-19.

Objective: To investigate the predictive factors of residual pulmonary opacity on midterm follow-up CT scans in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study was conducted in a tertiary referral university hospital in Iran, from March 2020 to December 2020. Patients hospitalized due to novel coronavirus pneumonia with bilateral pulmonary involvement in the first CT scan were included and underwent an 8-week follow-up CT scan.

Radiomic Analysis of Multi-parametric MR Images (MRI) for Classification of Parotid Tumors.

Background: Characterization of parotid tumors before surgery using multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans can support clinical decision making about the best-suited therapeutic strategy for each patient.

Objective: This study aims to differentiate benign from malignant parotid tumors through radiomics analysis of multi-parametric MR images, incorporating T2-w images with ADC-map and parametric maps generated from Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI).

Material And Methods: MRI scans of 31 patients with histopathologically-confirmed parotid gland tumors (23 benign, 8 malignant) were included in this retrospective study.

Percutaneous Sclerotherapy for Budd-Chiari Syndrome Secondary to Giant Hepatic Venous Malformations (Hemangiomas).

This prospective study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous sclerotherapy in the treatment of secondary Budd-Chiari syndrome due to hepatic venous malformations (HVMs). Four patients (mean age, 40 years; 3 women) with 5 HVMs underwent 7 sessions of percutaneous sclerotherapy with a mixture of bleomycin and lipiodol. All patients had chronic Budd-Chiari syndrome, determined based on imaging findings, with the main symptom being abdominal discomfort and distention.

Mycetoma due to in a diabetic patient: Case report and literature review.

Diabetes mellitus patients are prone to cutaneous and subcutaneous fungal infections due to pathogenic fungi, including dermatophytes, Mucorales, , , and species. Here, we report a case of mycetoma confirmed by isolation and molecular identification. The case was a 38-year-old male farmer with a seven-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, living in Khuzestan, southwest of Iran.

Diffuse Neurobrucellosis of Cerebellum, Brainstem, Spinal Cord, and Cauda Equina: A case report and Literature review.

Neurobrucellosis is an uncommon serious complication of brucellosis. Diagnosis of neurobrucellosis could be difficult due to non-specific clinical and radiological findings. So, in endemic regions, neurobrucellosis should be included in the differential diagnosis list of patients with recent neurological disorders.

Spontaneous Loculated Pneumomediastinum in a COVID-19-Infected Patient.

While we are still learning about COVID-19 affecting people, older persons and persons with underlying diseases such as high blood pressure, heart disease, and diabetes mellitus (DM) appear to develop serious illness and more complications often than others. In this report, we presented a patient with spontaneous pneumomediastinum after COVID-19. The patient was a 61-year-old man with a history of DM, hypertension, and heart failure, who has been infected with COVID-19.

Comparing efficacy and safety of tocilizumab and methylprednisolone in the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19.

Objectives: This study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of methylprednisolone and tocilizumab in the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19.

Methods: During a prospective cohort study, hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 received intravenous methylprednisolone (250-500 mg daily up to three doses), weight-based tocilizumab (maximum 800 mg, one or two doses as daily interval) or dexamethasone (8 mg daily). The primary outcome was time to onset of clinical response.

Chest CT Scan Features to Predict COVID-19 Patients' Outcome and Survival.

Background: Providing efficient care for infectious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients requires an accurate and accessible tool to medically optimize medical resource allocation to high-risk patients.

Purpose: To assess the predictive value of on-admission chest CT characteristics to estimate COVID-19 patients' outcome and survival time.

Materials And Methods: Using a case-control design, we included all laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients who were deceased, from June to September 2020, in a tertiary-referral-collegiate hospital and had on-admission chest CT as the case group.

Safety and efficacy study of allogeneic human menstrual blood stromal cells secretome to treat severe COVID-19 patients: clinical trial phase I & II.

Background: Cell-free Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been considered due to their capacity to modulate the immune system and suppress cytokine storms caused by SARS-CoV-2. This prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of secretome derived from allogeneic menstrual blood stromal cells (MenSCs) as a treatment in patients with severe COVID-19.

Methods: Patients with severe COVID-19 were randomized (1:1) to either MenSC-derived secretome treatment or the control group.

Isolated duodenal ischemia of unknown etiology: a case report.

Background: Acute abdomen is among the most common presentations observed in clinical practice. The present study describes a patient with isolated duodenal ischemia as an extremely rare etiology of acute abdomen.

Case Presentation: A 79-year-old male with acute abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting presented to the emergency department of our hospital.