Chronic care treatment of obese children and adolescents.

Objectives: Clinically-relevant protocols for the treatment of childhood obesity are lacking. This study report results for a clinic-based structured treatment program for chronic childhood obesity.

Methods: Patients were measured at baseline and for up to 24 months; there were no prior eligibility criteria.

Nutrient enrichment of mother's milk and growth of very preterm infants after hospital discharge.

Objective: To determine if the addition of a multinutrient human milk fortifier to mother's milk while breastfeeding very preterm infants after hospital discharge is possible and whether it influences first-year growth.

Methods: Of a cohort of 320 infants (gestational age: 24-32 weeks; birth weight: 535-2255 g), breastfed infants (65% [n = 207]) were randomly assigned shortly before hospital discharge to receive either unfortified (n = 102, group A) or fortified (n = 105, group B) mother's milk until 4 months' corrected age (CA). The remaining infants were bottle-fed with a preterm formula (group C).

Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: increasing incidence, decreasing surgery rate, and compromised nutritional status: A prospective population-based cohort study 2007-2009.

Background: The aim was to evaluate the incidence, treatment, surgery rate, and anthropometry at diagnosis of children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: Patients diagnosed between January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2009 in Eastern Denmark, Funen, and Aarhus were included from a background population of 668,056 children <15 years of age. For evaluation of incidence, treatment, and surgery rate, a subcohort from Eastern Denmark was extracted for comparison with a previously published population-based cohort from the same geographical area (1998-2006).

Allergic diseases among very preterm infants according to nutrition after hospital discharge.

To determine whether a cow's milk-based human milk fortifier (HMF) added to mother's milk while breastfeeding or a cow's milk-based preterm formula compared to exclusively mother's milk after hospital discharge, increases the incidence of developing allergic diseases among very preterm infants (VPI) during the first year of life. Of a cohort of 324 VPI (gestational age 24-32 wk), the exclusively breastfed VPI were shortly before discharge randomized to breastfeeding without fortification or supplementing with a fortifier. Those not breastfed were fed a preterm formula.

Factors associated with successful establishment of breastfeeding in very preterm infants.

Aim: To describe feeding practices at hospital discharge in relation to characteristics of the very preterm infants (VPI) and their mothers.

Methods: Design. Prospective hospital-based registration of very preterm infants born with a gestational age < or =32 weeks in Denmark during 2004-2008.

Incidence of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in Danish children: Still rising or levelling out?

Aim: To describe the development in incidence and prevalence of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Eastern Denmark during a six-year period.

Methods: All patients <15 years with IBD in Eastern Denmark in the two following periods were included: 1) 1.1.

Agreement between Cochrane Neonatal reviews and clinical practice guidelines for newborns in Denmark: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To assess agreement between Cochrane Neonatal Group reviews and clinical practice guidelines in Denmark.

Design: Retrospective analysis of clinical guidelines for newborn infants.

Materials: All Cochrane neonatal reviews and Danish clinical guidelines for newborn infants.

The stereospecific triacylglycerol structures and Fatty Acid profiles of human milk and infant formulas.

Background: The stereospecific structures of the triacylglycerol molecules in human milk differ from that of cow's milk and vegetable oils, which are the fat sources used in infant formula. In human milk, palmitic acid (16:0) is predominantly esterified in the sn2 position, whereas vegetable oils or cow's milk fat contain most of their 16:0 in the outer positions of the triacylglycerol molecules. Furthermore, human milk contains long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are not present in either cow's milk or vegetable oils.

Bone mineralisation in premature infants cannot be predicted from serum alkaline phosphatase or serum phosphate.

Background: The bone mineral content of premature infants at term is lower than in mature infants at the same postconceptional age. Serum alkaline phosphatase and serum phosphate are often used as indicators of bone mineralisation.

Objective: To analyse the association between bone mineral content and serum alkaline phosphatase and serum phosphate.

Diet, growth, and bone mineralization in premature infants.

Energy, protein, and mineral requirements in premature infants are high, hence increasing the risk of poor growth and development of metabolic bone disease. This double-blind study included 127 consecutive premature infants with gestational age below 32 weeks. Both sick and healthy infants participated.

Macronutrients in milk from mothers delivering preterm.

Unlabelled: Premature infants require large amounts of protein and energy to achieve normal growth. Feeding with human milk alone is therefore only regarded acceptable if the protein and energy content is adequate.

Methods: 476 milk samples from 101 mothers delivering before the 32nd gestational week (mean gestational age, 28 weeks) were obtained on a weekly basis until 36 weeks of gestational age and analyzed for true protein, total carbohydrate, and fat content by infrared analysis.

Diet and bone mineral content at term in premature infants.

Premature infants are at risk of developing metabolic bone disease mainly because of low calcium and phosphorus intake. We have examined the effect of different mineral supplements on bone mineral content at term in 127 premature infants with gestational age <32 wk in a double-blinded randomized trial. We used either phosphate supplementation of human milk as recommended by the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition or fortified supplementation with protein, calcium, and phosphorus or preterm formula as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

Bacteremia/septicemia due to Aerococcus-like organisms: report of seventeen cases. Danish ALO Study Group.

Some Aerococcus-like organisms (ALOs) have recently been described in Denmark. The bacteria were originally isolated from the urine of elderly patients with urinary tract infections. Since 1987, we have identified 17 cases of bacteremia/septicemia in which ALOs have been isolated in pure culture of blood; we report the data from these cases.