Proinflammatory cytokines levels in patients with temporomandibular joint disorder undergoing arthroscopy.

Purpose: Biomarkers represent objective indicators of normal processes, pathology, or responses to therapeutic intervention. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in synovial fluid of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and to investigate whether there is a correlation between elevated levels and disease progression.

Materials And Methods: This is a prospective study that included patients who were diagnosed with internal derangement according to magnetic resonance imaging and were classified according to Wilkes's classifications.

Surgical Dilemmas in Multiple Facial Fractures - Coronal Flap Versus Minimally Invasive: Case Report and Literature Review.

The Rationale: Pan-facial fracture is a complex trauma that involves the upper, middle, and lower third of the facial bones. The surgical management of such complex cases is either by the posterior approach (coronal flap) or anterior approach through local incisions.

Patient Concerns: This report describes the case of severe pan-facial trauma in a 52-year-old male who sustained a severe pan-facial trauma.

Craniofacial Injuries Seen Among Electric-Motorized Bicycle Riders.

The popularity of electric-motorized bicycles (E-bikes) has increased dramatically over the past few years. As a result, E-bike--associated injuries are quickly becoming a substantial issue. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the epidemiology and general nature of these injuries, with special attention to craniofacial trauma.

Endoscopically Assisted Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Sub-Condylar Fractures: Debunking Some of the Myths.

Endoscopically assisted open reduction and internal fixation has cumulate advantages over both open and closed techniques. Even though, this approach had not become popular. The study intended to summarize the outcomes and complications from the first 12 consecutive cases of sub condylar fractures that treated by endoscope and trans-buccal trocar.