Financial impact and healthcare expenditures among surgical patients in Burundi.

Background: The largest proportion of people at risk of catastrophic expenditures for surgical care live in low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to evaluate the financial impact among surgical patients at Kibuye Hope Hospital (KHH) in Burundi.

Methods: Data were collected from patients undergoing a surgical procedure at KHH from January to October 2019.

Haloperidol-Induced Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: A Case Report.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a severe reaction to antipsychotic medications characterized by fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic dysfunction. Here, we describe the case of a 58-year-old female who presented with altered mental status two days after open reduction and internal fixation of the hip. A rapid response team was called when the patient appeared agitated with increased respiratory demand.

Interpretation bias and contamination-based obsessive-compulsive symptoms influence emotional intensity related to disgust and fear.

Biased processing of disgust-related stimuli is increasingly discussed in addition to fear-related processing as a maintenance factor for contamination-based obsessive-compulsive disorder (C-OCD). However, the differential impact of fear and disgust on biased processing in C-OCD is not yet completely understood. Because it is difficult to distinguish the two emotions in self-report assessment by directly addressing the specific emotions, a text paragraph-based interpretation bias paradigm was applied to more implicitly assess emotions.

Scaling-Up Evidence-Based Programs Using a Public Funding Stream: a Randomized Trial of Functional Family Therapy for Court-Involved Youth.

The Affordable Care Act expanded access to Medicaid programs and required them to provide essential health benefits, which can include prevention services. This study assesses the costs and benefits to using Medicaid funding to implement a well-known evidence-based program, Functional Family Therapy (FFT), with a sample of juvenile justice-involved youth. The study also provides a rigorous test of FFT accommodated for a contemporary urban population that is gang at risk or gang-involved.

Juvenile Corrections in the Era of Reform: A Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Studies.

In this article, the authors synthesize knowledge from select qualitative studies examining rehabilitation-oriented juvenile residential corrections and aftercare programs. Using meta-synthesis methodology, the authors extracted and coded content from 10 research studies conducted by five authors across criminology, sociology, and social welfare disciplines. The total number of published works based on those studies analyzed was 18.

"Selling smarter, not harder": Life course effects on drug sellers' risk perceptions and management.

Background: Policies undergirding the American War on Drugs assume that drug offenders respond rationally to adjustments in sanction certainty and severity. Previous studies find that instead of absolute deterrence, or the termination of criminal activity, drug offenders employ restrictive deterrence, or a variety of risk management strategies. Extant research and current drug policy both fail to examine the interaction of risk perception, management techniques, and life course events or circumstances.

The Importance of Interspecific Interactions on the Present Range of the Invasive Mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Persistence of Resident Container Species in the United States.

Aedes albopictus (Skuse) established in the United States over 30 yr ago and quickly spread throughout the entire eastern half of the country. It has recently spread into western regions and projected climate change scenarios suggest continued expansion to the west and north. Aedes albopictus has had major impacts on, and been impacted by, a diverse array of resident mosquito species.

Impact of inter- and intra-specific competition among larvae on larval, adult, and life-table traits of and females.

Few studies have taken a comprehensive approach of measuring the impact of inter- and intra-specific larval competition on adult mosquito traits. In this study, the impact of competition and was quantified over the entire life of a cohort.Competitive treatments affected hatch-to-adult survivorship and development time to adulthood of females for both species, but affected median wing length of females only for .

Oviposition habitat selection by container-dwelling mosquitoes: responses to cues of larval and detritus abundances in the field.

Insects' oviposition responses to resource and larval densities can be important factors determining distributions and competitive interactions of larvae. (Skuse) and (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) show aggregated distributions of larvae in the field, larval interactions that are affected by detritus resources, and oviposition responses to resource and density cues in the laboratory.

The color of juvenile justice: racial disparities in dispositional decisions.

Existing research on dispositional decisions typically models the outcome as merely placed or not placed. However, this does not accurately reflect the wide variation in residential options available to juvenile court actors. In this research, we combine data from ProDES, which tracks adjudicated youth in Philadelphia, with data from the Program Design Inventory, which describes over 100 intervention programs, to further examine the factors that influence court actors' decision making in selecting an appropriate program for a juvenile offender.

An empirical test of the aggregation model of coexistence and consequences for competing container-dwelling mosquitoes.

We investigated the aggregation model of coexistence as a potential mechanism explaining patterns of coexistence between container mosquitoes Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti in southern Florida, USA. Aedes aegypti coexists with the invasive A. albopictus in many locations despite being an inferior resource competitor under most conditions.

The effects of carbaryl on the development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos.

In the United States, Sevin(™) brand insecticide is one of the most commonly used insecticides. The active ingredient in Sevin(™), carbaryl (1-napthyl-N-methylcarbamate), is a known acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor that prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine to acetate and choline at the synapse. While carbaryl successfully causes the death of insects by paralysis, it has also been shown to have negative effects on the development of several nontarget species.

Does intrathecal morphine sulfate provide preemptive analgesia for patients undergoing stapled hemorrhoidopexy?

Objective: Surgical excision of hemorrhoids is characterized by a prolonged and painful postoperative course. This double-blind, randomized, prospective, controlled trial was conducted to determine if morphine sulfate provides additional pain relief after stapled hemorrhoidopexy when added to a standard lidocaine spinal anesthetic. It was hypothesized that the addition of morphine sulfate to a spinal anesthetic would decrease postoperative pain.

Effect of bupropion on sexual dysfunction.

Objective: To determine the role of bupropion in treatment of sexual dysfunction.

Data Sources: Studies and case reports were identified through MEDLINE (1970-July 2005) using search terms bupropion, antidepressants, sexual function, and sexual dysfunction.

Data Synthesis: Bupropion has been shown to have a favorable effect on sexual dysfunction.

Small bowel ischemia after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass complicated by pregnancy: a case report.

Small bowel obstruction is an unusual complication of pregnancy. Its occurrence after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) for morbid obesity complicated by pregnancy is rare. Morbid obesity describes body weight at least 100 lb over the ideal weight, or a body mass index (BMI) > or = 40.

Treating adolescents together or individually? Issues in adolescent substance abuse interventions.

This article summarizes the proceedings of a symposium, chaired by Peter Monti and cochaired by Tracy O'Leary, that was presented at the 2001 RSA Meeting in Montreal, Quebec. The aim of this symposium was to present data on group- and individual-based interventions for adolescent alcohol and substance abuse, with a discussion of the implications of research findings bearing on developmental considerations when working with adolescents and young adults. Elizabeth J.

Evaluating a brief alcohol intervention with fraternities.

Objective: The current study tested the efficacy of a brief intervention designed to reduce drinking and drinking-related consequences among first-year fraternity members.

Method: Twelve fraternities were randomly assigned to receive either a motivational enhancement intervention with individual and housewide feedback components (n = 6 houses) or a treatment-as-usual control condition (n = 6 houses). Individual feedback was delivered either by peer interviewers or professional research staff.