Active Monitoring With or Without Endocrine Therapy for Low-Risk Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: The COMET Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Active monitoring for low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast has been proposed as an alternative to guideline-concordant care, but the safety of this approach is unknown.

Objective: To compare rates of invasive cancer in patients with low-risk DCIS receiving active monitoring vs guideline-concordant care.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Prospective, randomized noninferiority trial enrolling 995 women aged 40 years or older with a new diagnosis of hormone receptor-positive grade 1 or grade 2 DCIS without invasive cancer at 100 US Alliance Cancer Cooperative Group clinical trial sites from 2017 to 2023.

Comparison of Diagnostic Sensitivity and Procedure-Related Pain of Concurrent Ultrasound-guided Fine-needle Aspiration and Core-needle Biopsy of Axillary Lymph Nodes in Patients with Suspected or Known Breast Cancer.

Objective: Conflicting data exist on the diagnostic sensitivity of core-needle biopsy (CNB) compared to fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in the evaluation of axillary lymph node metastasis from breast cancer. Our purpose was to evaluate the sensitivity of CNB and FNA using subsequent axillary surgery as the gold standard and to compare the patients' subjective pain levels for each biopsy method.

Methods: This IRB-approved prospective study enrolled 140 patients from February 2014 to May 2019 with known or suspected breast cancer.

Myeloid Sarcoma of the Breast: A Diagnostic Dilemma With Pathologic Correlation.

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary solid tumor arising most often in patients with current or subsequent acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patients of all ages may present with involvement of the skin, lymph nodes, intestinal tract, bone, and/or central nervous system. Isolated involvement of the breast is rare, and only a small number of cases have been described in the literature.

A color-based tumor segmentation method for clinical ex vivo breast tissue assessment utilizing a multi-contrast brightfield imaging strategy.

We demonstrate an automated two-step tumor segmentation method leveraging color information from brightfield images of fresh core needle biopsies of breast tissue. Three different color spaces (HSV, CIELAB, YCbCr) were explored for the segmentation task. By leveraging white-light and green-light images, we identified two different types of color transformations that could separate adipose from benign and tumor or cancerous tissue.

Examining enforcement coverage for speeding and red-light offenses across various populations and driver characteristics.

Over the years empirical evidence has shown that traffic enforcement reduces traffic violations, crashes, and casualties. However, less attention has been paid to enforcement coverage across different populations and driver characteristics. The current study develops and explores a method for estimating police enforcement coverage, by comparing the share of drivers across several characteristics who received tickets from automatic speed and red-light cameras - as an objective estimate of offenses committed - to the share of drivers who received tickets through manual police enforcement.

A Non-Contrast Multi-Parametric MRI Biomarker for Assessment of MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound Thermal Therapies.

Objective: We present the development of a non-contrast multi-parametric magnetic resonance (MPMR) imaging biomarker to assess treatment outcomes for magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) ablations of localized tumors. Images obtained immediately following MRgFUS ablation were inputs for voxel-wise supervised learning classifiers, trained using registered histology as a label for thermal necrosis.

Methods: VX2 tumors in New Zealand white rabbits quadriceps were thermally ablated using an MRgFUS system under 3 T MRI guidance.

Examining indicators of psychosocial risk and resilience in parents of autistic children.

Background: Parents of autistic children experience increased levels of caregiver strain and adverse mental health outcomes, even in comparison to parents of children with other neurodevelopmental disabilities. Previous studies have largely attributed these increased levels of mental health concerns to their child behavioral concerns and autism symptomatology, but less attention has been given to other potential child factors, such as child adaptive functioning. Additionally, little is known about potential protective factors, such as parents' emotion regulation (ER) abilities, that may ameliorate the experience of caregiver strain, anxiety, and depression.

Remote PEERS for preschoolers: A pilot parent-mediated social skills intervention for young children with social challenges over telehealth.

Introduction: Social differences characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental disabilities are evident in early childhood and are associated with later difficulties. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of evidence-based interventions explicitly targeting social skills development for young children, few actively integrate parents and caregivers, and even fewer have remote models. The importance of providing accessible, tailored services for families in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, prompted the creation of a parent-mediated telehealth version of Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS) for Preschoolers (P4P), a pre-existing, evidence-based social skills intervention for children 4-6 years focused on making and keeping friends.

After neoadjuvant therapy, axillary sentinel lymph node frozen sections from breast cancer patients are accurately diagnosed using telepathology.

Context: Telepathology is a digital, microscope-independent method of diagnosing pathology from scanned slides. Frozen sections (FS) can be performed and read by a pathologist at any site. At our institution, telepathology is used for diagnosis of frozen sections of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in patients who have undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy and are enrolled in a clinical trial.

Validation of a neighborhood sentiment and safety index derived from existing data repositories.

Background: The communities we live in are central to our health. Neighborhood disadvantage is associated with worse physical and mental health and even early mortality, while resident sense of safety and positive neighborhood sentiment has been repeatedly linked to better physical and mental health outcomes. Therefore, understanding where negative neighborhood sentiment and safety are salient concerns can help inform public health interventions and as a result, improve health outcomes.

Generalized trust and traffic violations: The moderating role of the individualism dimension.

Traffic crashes take well over a million lives every year and are mainly caused by driver behavior and traffic violations. Drivers' attitudes and beliefs are at the root of whether traffic violations will be committed, making it important to explore what contributes to disobedience of traffic law. Generalized trust is one of the most influential factors in interpersonal behavior but has not yet been studied empirically in the context of driving behavior in general, and traffic violations in specific.

PEERS® for Preschoolers preliminary outcomes and predictors of treatment response.

PEERS® for Preschoolers (P4P) is a social skills group program for young autistic children and their caregivers, which provides everyday tools for interacting and communicating with others. Twenty-two caregiver-child dyads participated and completed pre-treatment, post-treatment, and follow-up measures (4-16 weeks after). Using single-subject analyses to examine social skills, 60% demonstrated post-treatment improvement, and 53.

A pilot study of PEERS® for Careers: A comprehensive employment-focused social skills intervention for autistic young adults in the United States.

Background: Autistic young adults are at elevated risk for poor employment/internship outcomes, despite having many strengths relevant to the workplace. Currently, very few employment interventions for this population comprehensively promote skills development and success across the various stages of employment.

Aims: To address this gap, the current study aimed to test the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a novel college to career intervention program, PEERS® for Careers.

Examining Feasibility and Outcomes of the PEERS® for Preschoolers Program.

Social impairments characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are evident in early childhood and often worsen. There is a paucity of evidence-based interventions explicitly targeting social skill development for young children with ASD and few actively integrate caregivers. The PEERS® program, an evidence-based caregiver-assisted social skills program, was extended for young children with ASD (i.

A human breast cancer-derived xenograft and organoid platform for drug discovery and precision oncology.

Models that recapitulate the complexity of human tumors are urgently needed to develop more effective cancer therapies. We report a bank of human patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and matched organoid cultures from tumors that represent the greatest unmet need: endocrine-resistant, treatment-refractory and metastatic breast cancers. We leverage matched PDXs and PDX-derived organoids (PDxO) for drug screening that is feasible and cost-effective with in vivo validation.

An Initial Pilot Study Examining Child Social Skills, Caregiver Styles, and Family Functioning in the PEERS® for Preschoolers Program for Young Autistic Children and their Caregivers.

Background: Social impairments characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are evident in early childhood and worsen as the child matures. Though many interventions for young children exist, few specifically target social skills and involve caregivers.

Aims: This pilot study examined PEERS® for Preschoolers, focusing on temporal change in child social skills, caregiver style, and family functioning in the context of a caregiver-assisted social skills intervention.

Novel temporal and spatial patterns of metastatic colonization from breast cancer rapid-autopsy tumor biopsies.

Background: Metastatic breast cancer is a deadly disease with a low 5-year survival rate. Tracking metastatic spread in living patients is difficult and thus poorly understood.

Methods: Via rapid autopsy, we have collected 30 tumor samples over 3 timepoints and across 8 organs from a triple-negative metastatic breast cancer patient.

Histology to 3D in vivo MR registration for volumetric evaluation of MRgFUS treatment assessment biomarkers.

Advances in imaging and early cancer detection have increased interest in magnetic resonance (MR) guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) technologies for cancer treatment. MRgFUS ablation treatments could reduce surgical risks, preserve organ tissue and function, and improve patient quality of life. However, surgical resection and histological analysis remain the gold standard to assess cancer treatment response.

Breast Fibromatosis: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation.

Fibromatosis of the breast is a rare, benign locally infiltrative tumor without metastatic potential. Patients typically present with a painless, palpable, firm breast mass, which may be mobile or fixed to the pectoralis muscle. While some cases are related to familial mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, the majority are sporadic due to somatic mutations or prior injury to the breast tissue.

Development of an interactive tool of early social responsiveness to track autism risk in infants and toddlers.

Aim: To evaluate the psychometric properties of a 4-minute assessment designed to identify early autism spectrum disorder (ASD) status through evaluation of early social responsiveness (ESR).

Method: This retrospective, preliminary study included children between 13 and 24 months (78 males, 79 females mean age 19.4mo, SD 3.

Emotion regulation, emotionality, and expression of emotions: A link between social skills, behavior, and emotion problems in children with ASD and their peers.

This study aimed to investigate differences between emotion regulation (ER), emotionality, and expression of emotions in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and their typically developing (TD) peers; and to examine the potential links between these areas of development with social skills in both groups, as well as with behavioral, emotional, and social problems in ASD. Forty-four children (40 males and 4 females, ages 3 to 7 years) with ASD (n = 22) and their TD peers (n = 22) were included in this study. Mothers reported about their children's ASD symptoms, social, emotional, and behavioral functioning.

Spatially-resolved quantification of proteins in triple negative breast cancers reveals differences in the immune microenvironment associated with prognosis.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype. Recent studies have shown that MHC class II (MHCII) expression and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes are important prognostic factors in patients with TNBC, although the relative importance of lymphocyte subsets and associated protein expression is incompletely understood. NanoString Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP) allows for spatially resolved, highly multiplexed quantification of proteins in clinical samples.

A Meta-analytic Review of the Five Minute Speech Sample as a Measure of Family Emotional Climate for Youth: Relations with Internalizing and Externalizing Symptomatology.

The Five Minute Speech Sample's (FMSS) measure of parental expressed emotion (EE), defined as criticism (CRIT) and emotional overinvolvement (EOI), has been increasingly used to measure family emotional climate in relation to youth psychopathological development. As CRIT and EOI were defined based on adults, a meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted to analyze the presence and strength of an effect among maternal CRIT and EOI with youth internalizing and externalizing problems. A random effects model was used to analyze the 42 studies on families of youth (aged 1.