Accuracy of measuring scapular position and motion with a novel motion capture system.

Background: Scapula kinematics is recognized to be a crucial variable in shoulder dysfunction. Nevertheless, quantitative scapula tracking and measurement are not part of the current clinical evaluation. The main concern is measurement accuracy.

Kinematic models of lower limb joints for musculo-skeletal modelling and optimization in gait analysis.

Kinematic models of lower limb joints have several potential applications in musculoskeletal modelling of the locomotion apparatus, including the reproduction of the natural joint motion. These models have recently revealed their value also for in vivo motion analysis experiments, where the soft-tissue artefact is a critical known problem. This arises at the interface between the skin markers and the underlying bone, and can be reduced by defining multibody kinematic models of the lower limb and by running optimization processes aimed at obtaining estimates of position and orientation of relevant bones.