Comparative Assessment of the Structural Features of Originator Recombinant Human Follitropin Alfa Versus Recombinant Human Follitropin Alfa Biosimilar Preparations Approved in Non-European Regions.

Although the full primary structures of the alfa and beta subunits of reference r-hFSH-alfa and its biosimilars are identical, cell context-dependent differences in the expressing cell lines and manufacturing process can lead to variations in glycosylation profiles. In the present study, we compared the structural features of reference r-hFSH-alfa with those of five biosimilar preparations approved in different global regions outside Europe (Primapur, Jin Sai Heng, Follitrope, Folisurge, and Corneumon) with respect to glycosylation, macro- and microheterogeneity, and other post-translational modifications and higher order structure. The mean proportion of -glycosylation-site occupancy was highest in reference r-hFSH-alfa, decreasing sequentially in Primapur, Jin Sai Heng, Corneumon, Follisurge and Follitrope, respectively.

[Management of foreign bodies ingestion].

Foreign bodies ingestion is a common event, with a potential morbidity and mortality. In the majority of cases, the foreign bodies pass through the digestive tract without any complication. An endoscopy for removal of the foreign body is necessary in 10 to 20 % of cases and a surgical intervention is required in < 1 % of cases.

[Gastric intestinal metaplasia and cancer risk: how to follow ?].

In 2019, gastric cancer still has high mortality. Gastric intestinal metaplasia (IGM) is an intermediate step in the process of carcinogenesis of intestinal adenocarcinoma. Gastroscopy with biopsies can detect the presence of MIG.

[Gastroenterology and hepatology update 2018].

The purpose of this article is to detail the major gastroenterology novelties for 2018. In the field of hepatology we address the monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma, the Baveno VI extended criteria for the detection of oesophageal varices and the management of cramps in cirrhotic patients. Concerning intestinal inflammatory diseases, two novel treatments have recently been approved by the European Commission, including injection of stem cells for the treatment of complex perianal fistulas and the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib for the RCH (ulcerative colitis).

[How to deal with drug-induced diarrhoea].

Diarrhoea is a frequent drug adverse event, implicating a number of different treatments. It occurs in an acute setting or even several months after the beginning of the treatment and different pathophysiological mechanisms are involved. It must be proactively suspected and promptly treated, however this diagnosis is often mentioned only after multiple diagnostic tests.

[Gastroenterology and hepatology in 2016].

This article aims to detail the major innovations occurred in Gastro-enterology in 2016, including the introduction of a new molecule, the vonoprazan, for the treatment of refractory gastroesophagal reflux disease (GERD) and a new way of eradication of H. pylori. The possibility to use an intermittent dose of PPI rather than continuously in severe gastric and duodenal ulcers after successful endoscopic hemostasis is also discussed as well as the withdrawal of corticosteroids in the treatment of autoimmune pancreatitis.

[Faecal calprotectin : a useful tool for the primary care physician ?].

Faecal calprotectin (FC) is a marker of intestinal inflammation. FC dosing has a sensitivity between 80‑100% for differentiating functional and organic intestinal disease. It is therefore a very useful diagnostic tool in general practice, where the prevalence of functional disease is particularly high.

Calprotectin in Daily Practice: Where Do We Stand in 2017?

Background: To make a distinction between organic and functional disease is essential for gastroenterologists in their daily practice, but it may be challenging, given the variety and aspecificity of gastrointestinal symptoms among the general population. The clinician aim is to avoid diagnostic delay and to restrict unnecessary invasive and expensive exams.

Summary: Faecal markers, in particular faecal calprotectin (FC), have given proof of being reliable markers of intestinal inflammation with good clinical sensitivity.

Critical role of the GM-CSF signaling pathway in macrophage pro-repair activities.

Objective: Macrophages play a critical role in intestinal wound repair. However, the molecular pathways that regulate macrophage wound repair activities remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of GM-CSF receptor signaling in the wound repair activities of macrophages.