Effect of liming on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons leaching from hydrocarbon-contaminated tectogenic industriosol.

Soil stabilization/solidification is commonly employed remediation method for contaminated soils. Until now, limited attention has been given to the application of quicklime in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated soil. We treated a tectogenic industriosol spiked with 50 mg kg of four PAHs (12.

Highlights of glycosylation and adhesion related genes involved in myogenesis.

Background: Myogenesis is initiated by myoblast differentiation and fusion to form myotubes and muscle fibres. A population of myoblasts, known as satellite cells, is responsible for post-natal growth of muscle and for its regeneration. This differentiation requires many changes in cell behaviour and its surrounding environment.

Glycogenome expression dynamics during mouse C2C12 myoblast differentiation suggests a sequential reorganization of membrane glycoconjugates.

Background: Several global transcriptomic and proteomic approaches have been applied in order to obtain new molecular insights on skeletal myogenesis, but none has generated any specific data on glycogenome expression, and thus on the role of glycan structures in this process, despite the involvement of glycoconjugates in various biological events including differentiation and development. In the present study, a quantitative real-time RT-PCR technology was used to profile the dynamic expression of 375 glycogenes during the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts into myotubes.

Results: Of the 276 genes expressed, 95 exhibited altered mRNA expression when C2C12 cells differentiated and 37 displayed more than 4-fold up- or down-regulations.

The two N-glycans present on bovine Pofut1 are differently involved in its solubility and activity.

O-Fucosylation is a post-translational glycosylation in which an O-fucose is covalently attached to the hydroxyl group of a specific serine or threonine residue. This modification occurs within the consensus sequence C2X(4-5)(S/T)C3 present on epidermal growth factor-like repeats of several proteins, including the Notch receptors and their ligands. The enzyme responsible for the addition of O-fucose to epidermal growth factor-like repeats is protein O-fucosyltransferase 1.

Structure/function study of Lewis alpha3- and alpha3/4-fucosyltransferases: the alpha1,4 fucosylation requires an aromatic residue in the acceptor-binding domain.

All vertebrate alpha3- and alpha3/4-FUTs possess the characteristic acceptor-binding motif VxxHH(W/R)(D/E). FUT6 and FUTb enzymes, harboring R in the acceptor-binding motif, transfer fucose in alpha1,3 linkage, whereas FUT3 and FUT5 enzymes with W at the candidate position can also transfer fucose in alpha1,4 linkage-FUT3 being more efficient than FUT5. To determine the involvement of the W/R residue in acceptor recognition, we produced 34 variants of human FUT3, FUT5, FUT6, and ox FUTb Lewis enzymes.

The fucosyltransferase gene family: an amazing summary of the underlying mechanisms of gene evolution.

The fucosyltransferase gene family encodes enzymes that transfer fucose in alpha 1,2, alpha 1,3/4 and alpha 1,6 linkages on a large variety of glycans. The most ancient genes harbour a split coding sequence, and encode enzyme that transfer fucose at or near O- and N-peptidic sites (serine, threonine or chitobiose unit). Conversely, the more recent genes have a monoexonic coding sequence, and encode enzymes that transfer fucose at the glycan periphery.

Alpha1,4-fucosyltransferase activity: a significant function in the primate lineage has appeared twice independently.

In the animal kingdom the enzymes that catalyze the formation of alpha1,4 fucosylated-glycoconjugates are known only in apes (chimpanzee) and humans. They are encoded by FUT3 and FUT5 genes, two members of the Lewis FUT5-FUT3-FUT6 gene cluster, which had originated by duplications of an alpha3 ancestor gene. In order to explore more precisely the emergence of the alpha1,4 fucosylation, new Lewis-like fucosyltransferase genes were studied in species belonging to the three main primate groups.