Publications by authors named "Fabrice Barlesi"

Introduction: Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) revolutionized the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but only a fraction of them obtain a response, and clinical benefit from these treatments is often difficult to predict. The aim of our study is to unveil the potential implications of antibody response to previous viral infections in predicting response to ICBs in patients with NSCLC.

Methods: Sera from patients treated with ICBs alone, chemotherapy (CT) or a combination of CT-ICBs were analyzed with VirScan (CDI Labs, USA), a high-throughput method that comprehensively analyzes epitope-level antiviral IgG antibodies via programmable phage display and immunoprecipitation sequencing.

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  • A multicenter phase 1b study explored the effectiveness and tolerability of combining spartalizumab with various platinum-doublet chemotherapy regimens in treatment-naïve patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that were not selected based on PD-L1 expression.
  • The study found that the maximum tolerated dose for spartalizumab was 300 mg every 3 weeks, and overall response rates to the treatment generally ranged from 51.5% to 57.6%, indicating a good level of efficacy across different chemotherapy combinations.
  • Notably, patients receiving pemetrexed/cisplatin showed the longest median progression-free survival and overall survival compared to other treatment groups, highlighting the potential of this regimen in
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About one third of patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) presents at diagnosis with localized or locally advanced disease amenable to curative surgical resection. Surgical operability refers to stage I to IIIA and selected stage IIIB NSCLC. One of the main challenges in the management of early-stage resectable NSCLC is the optimization of available therapeutic strategies to prevent local and distant disease relapse, thus improving survival outcomes.

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  • The study investigated the significance of metabolic tumor volume (tMTV) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, using 18F-FDG-PET/CT scans.
  • It involved 518 patients across multiple institutions and found that those with high tMTV had poorer overall survival when treated with ICBs alone compared to those with low tMTV.
  • The research suggests that high tMTV is associated with increased systemic inflammation and genomic instability, making it a potential biomarker for determining treatment strategies in NSCLC patients with positive PD-L1 expression.
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  • - The MATCH-R trial aimed to analyze the resistance mechanisms to cancer treatments by studying fresh tumor biopsies from metastatic patients, covering data collected from 2015 to 2022.
  • - Out of 1,120 biopsies from patients primarily with lung, digestive, and prostate cancers, 30.9% revealed targetable genomic alterations, with EGFR being the most common altered gene.
  • - Among patients with resistance mechanisms, 45% had treatments tailored based on identified mechanisms, resulting in an average of 11 months of additional clinical benefit.
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  • Circulating proteomes can reveal the body's response to diseases like COVID-19 and treatments like tocilizumab, which is used to mitigate severe symptoms.
  • In a study involving 28 hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated with tocilizumab, researchers collected serum samples to analyze changes in protein levels before and after treatment and assessed patient outcomes for 30 days.
  • Findings indicated that specific proteins related to the complement system and Fc-epsilon receptor signaling could predict treatment success and mortality, where high complement activation linked to worse outcomes and certain signaling pathways showed lower mortality rates.
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Purpose: Anti-PD-1/PD(L)1-based combination therapy is the standard of care in first line (1L) for metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (mnsqNSCLC) without driver alterations. This study aimed to evaluate real-world clinical outcomes in this population.

Methods: Eligible physicians in the United States, Europe, and Japan abstracted information from medical charts of eligible adult patients with mnsqNSCLC (without /, no known alterations) who initiated 1L anti-PD(L)1-based combination therapy for mnsqNSCLC between 2017 and 2021.

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Background And Aims: Simultaneous inhibition of the TGF-β and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 pathways provides a potential novel treatment approach. Bintrafusp alfa, a first-in-class bifunctional fusion protein composed of the extracellular domain of TGF-βRII (a TGF-β "trap") fused to a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody blocking programmed cell death 1 ligand 1, was evaluated in patients with advanced HCC.

Approach And Results: In this global, open-label, phase I study (NCT02517398), patients with programmed cell death 1 ligand 1-unselected HCC who failed or were intolerant to ≥1 line of sorafenib received bintrafusp alfa 1200 mg every 2 weeks in a dose-escalation (n = 38) or dose-expansion (n = 68) cohort until confirmed progression, unacceptable toxicity, or trial withdrawal.

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Background: The efficacy of front-line pembrolizumab has been established in studies that limit treatment duration to 2 years, but decision to stop pembrolizumab after 2 years is often at physician's discretion. ATHENA is a retrospective cohort study using a comprehensive administrative database aimed firstly at exploring the optimal duration of pembrolizumab and secondly real-life prognosis factors in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Using the French National Health Insurance database (SNDS), we identified patients with incident lung cancer in France from 2015 to 2022.

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Evidence from the Phase III PACIFIC trial established durvalumab, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting PD-L1, following concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) as a global standard of care for patients with unresectable, stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). There remains an unmet need to improve upon the outcomes achieved with the PACIFIC regimen. Combining durvalumab with other immunotherapies may improve outcomes further.

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Purpose: This phase 1b/2 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of capmatinib plus nazartinib in patients with advanced EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: In phase 1b, patients with progression on first-/second-generation EGFR-TKIs received escalating doses of capmatinib 200-400 mg bid plus nazartinib 50-150 mg qd. Once the MTD/RP2D was declared, phase 2 commenced with patient enrollment into groups according to mutation status and prior lines of treatment: group 1 (fasted; EGFR-TKI resistant; 1-3 prior lines; EGFR; any T790M/MET); group 2 (fasted; EGFR-TKI naïve; 0-2 prior lines; de novo T790M+; any MET); group 3 (fasted; treatment-naïve; EGFR; T790M-; any MET); group 4 (with food; 0-2 prior lines; EGFR; any T790M/MET).

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  • The gut microbiota plays a significant role in how cancer patients respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), but there’s no clear definition of harmful dysbiosis.* -
  • Researchers analyzed fecal samples from 245 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, identifying specific bacterial species groups associated with either resistance or response to ICIs, resulting in the creation of a topological score (TOPOSCORE).* -
  • This TOPOSCORE was further validated in additional patient cohorts and transformed into a 21-bacterial probe set for qPCR scoring, suggesting it could serve as a dynamic tool for diagnosing intestinal dysbiosis and tailoring microbiota-focused treatments.*
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Cancer Core Europe brings together the expertise, resources, and interests of seven leading cancer institutes committed to leveraging collective innovation and collaboration in precision oncology. Through targeted efforts addressing key medical challenges in cancer and partnerships with multiple stakeholders, the consortium seeks to advance cancer research and enhance equitable patient care.

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T-cell engagers (TCE) are cancer immunotherapies that have recently demonstrated meaningful benefit for patients with hematological malignancies and solid tumors. The anticipated widespread use of T cell engagers poses implementation challenges and highlights the need for guidance to anticipate, mitigate, and manage adverse events. By mobilizing T-cells directly at the contact of tumor cells, TCE mount an obligatory and immediate anti-tumor immune response that could result in diverse reactions and adverse events.

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Chemotherapy associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors is currently the standard of care in several tumor indications. This combination approach improves progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and complete pathological response (pCR) in several cancer types both in the early and metastatic approaches. However, the distinct spectrum of toxicities between cytotoxic side effects and immune related adverse events (irAEs) with similar clinical presentations and different management strategies remains a challenge in daily practice for healthcare professionals.

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Background: Platinum-based chemotherapy is the recommended adjuvant treatment for patients with resectable, -positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Data on the efficacy and safety of adjuvant alectinib as compared with chemotherapy in patients with resected -positive NSCLC are lacking.

Methods: We conducted a global, phase 3, open-label, randomized trial in which patients with completely resected, -positive NSCLC of stage IB (tumors ≥4 cm), II, or IIIA (as classified according to the seventh edition of the of the American Joint Committee on Cancer and Union for International Cancer Control) were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive oral alectinib (600 mg twice daily) for 24 months or intravenous platinum-based chemotherapy in four 21-day cycles.

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Purpose: CONVERT was a phase 3 international randomized clinical trial comparing once-daily (OD) and twice-daily (BD) radiation therapy (RT). This updated analysis describes the 6.5-year outcomes of these regimens delivered with conformal techniques.

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Many tumors are refractory to immune checkpoint inhibitors, but their combination with cytotoxics is expected to improve sensitivity. Understanding how and when cytotoxics best re-stimulate tumor immunity could help overcome resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. studies were performed in C57BL/6 mice grafted with immune-refractory LL/2 lung cancer model.

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Purpose: To characterize treatment patterns and real-world clinical outcomes of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) who developed progression on an anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1, herein referred to as anti-PD-(L)1, and platinum-doublet chemotherapy.

Methods: Eligible oncologists/pulmonologists in the United States, Europe (France, Germany, and United Kingdom), and Japan completed electronic case report forms for patients with mNSCLC (no evidence of alterations). Eligible patients had disease progression on/after an anti-PD-(L)1 and platinum-doublet chemotherapy (received concurrently or sequentially), initiated a subsequent line of therapy (LOT) between 2017 and 2021, and had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-2 at this subsequent LOT initiation (index date).

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Background: Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted treatments for cancer is common; thus, novel immunotherapy agents are needed. Urelumab is a monoclonal antibody agonist that binds to CD137 receptors expressed on T cells. Here, we report two studies that evaluated urelumab in combination with cetuximab or nivolumab in patients with select, advanced solid tumors.

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Background: STK11/LKB1 mutations have been associated with primary resistance to PD-1 axis inhibitors and poor prognosis in advanced KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. This study aimed to assess the prognostic significance of STK11/LKB1 alterations in localized non-squamous non-small cell lung carcinoma (non-sq NSCLC).

Patients And Methods: Surgical samples from patients undergoing complete resection for stage IIa, IIb, or IIIa (N2 excluded) non-sq NSCLC in the randomized adjuvant phase II trial (NCT00775385 IFCT-1801 TASTE trial) were examined.

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