Development of a streamlined NGS-based TCGA classification scheme for gastric cancer and its implications for personalized therapy.

Background: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has identified four distinct molecular subtypes of gastric cancer (GC) with prognostic significance: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive, microsatellite instability (MSI)-high, genomically stable (GS), and chromosomal instability (CIN). Unfortunately, the complex analysis required for TCGA classification limits its practical use in clinical settings. Our study sought to devise a next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based method to classify GC more efficiently, serving as a promising biomarker for prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy.

High-intensity interval training alleviates liver inflammation by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and M1/M2 macrophage balance in female rats with cisplatin hepatotoxicity.

Cisplatin (CDDP) is an antineoplastic drug whose adverse effects include hepatotoxicity. The inflammatory process is crucial in the progression of liver injuries. Exercise is known for its anti-inflammatory effects, but the influence of different training modalities on hepatoprotection is still unclear.

CMTM4 inhibits gastric tumorigenesis and metastasis.

Background: CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 4 (CMTM4) is involved in immune regulation and tumor progression; however, its role in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. This study explored the role and mechanism of CMTM4 in GC.

Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze CMTM4 expression in human gastric biopsied cells from patients with GC (N=23) or chronic superficial gastritis (N=23).

Personalized medicine: Clinical oncology on molecular view of treatment.

Cancer, the second leading global cause of death, impacts both physically and emotionally. Conventional treatments such as surgeries, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have adverse effects, driving the need for more precise approaches. Precision medicine enables more targeted treatments.

Long chikungunya? An overview to immunopathology of persistent arthralgia.

Chikungunya fever (CF) is caused by an arbovirus whose manifestations are extremely diverse, and it has evolved with significant severity in recent years. The clinical signs triggered by the Chikungunya virus are similar to those of other arboviruses. Generally, fever starts abruptly and reaches high levels, followed by severe polyarthralgia and myalgia, as well as an erythematous or petechial maculopapular rash, varying in severity and extent.

prospective analysis of the medicinal plants activity on the CagA oncoprotein from .

Background: Colonization with () has a strong correlation with gastric cancer, and the virulence factor CagA is implicated in carcinogenesis. Studies have been conducted using medicinal plants with the aim of eliminating the pathogen; however, the possibility of blocking -induced cell differentiation to prevent the onset and/or progression of tumors has not been addressed. This type of study is expensive and time-consuming, requiring and/or tests, which can be solved using bioinformatics.

New avenues for the treatment of immunotherapy-resistant pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by its extremely aggressive nature and ranks 14th in the number of new cancer cases worldwide. However, due to its complexity, it ranks 7th in the list of the most lethal cancers worldwide. The pathogenesis of PC involves several complex processes, including familial genetic factors associated with risk factors such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic pancreatitis, and smoking.

Temporal pattern of humoral immune response in mild cases of COVID-19.

Background: Understanding the humoral response pattern of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the essential factors to better characterize the immune memory of patients, which allows understanding the temporality of reinfection, provides answers about the efficacy and durability of protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and consequently helps in global public health and vaccination strategy. Among the patients who became infected with SARS-CoV-2, the majority who did not progress to death were those who developed the mild COVID-19, so understanding the pattern and temporality of the antibody response of these patients is certainly relevant.

Aim: To investigate the temporal pattern of humoral response of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) in mild cases of COVID-19.

Role of the Microbiome in spp. Vector Competence: What Do We Know?

and are the vectors of important arboviruses: dengue fever, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever. Female mosquitoes acquire arboviruses by feeding on the infected host blood, thus being able to transmit it to their offspring. The intrinsic ability of a vector to infect itself and transmit a pathogen is known as vector competence.

Benefits of high-intensity interval training compared to continuous training to reduce apoptotic markers in female rats with cisplatin nephrotoxicity - possible modulatory role of IL-11.

Apoptotic signaling pathways are involved in acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by the antineoplastic drug cisplatin (Cis). Mechanical stress is known to increase interleukin (IL) -11, a pleiotropic cytokine with antiapoptotic and antinecrotic effects. We compared the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with low-intensity continuous training (LICT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on renal levels of IL-11 and the expression of apoptotic markers in female rats with nephrotoxicity induced by Cis.

Retrospective Analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 Infection Profile in COVID-19 Positive Patients in Vitoria da Conquista, Northeast Brazil.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for causing Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), a heterogeneous clinical condition that manifests varying symptom severity according to the demographic profile of the studied population. While many studies have focused on the spread of COVID-19 in large urban centers in Brazil, few have evaluated medium or small cities in the Northeast region. The aims of this study were: (i) to identify risk factors for mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection, (ii) to evaluate the gene expression patterns of key immune response pathways using nasopharyngeal swabs of COVID-19 patients, and (iii) to identify the circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants in the residents of a medium-sized city in Northeast Brazil.

COVID-19 liver and gastroenterology findings: An analysis of SARS-CoV-2 interactions with liver molecules.

Background: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has not only been shown to affect the respiratory system, but has also demonstrated variable clinical presentations including gastrointestinal tract disorders. In addition, abnormalities in liver enzymes have been reported indicating hepatic injury. It is known that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) might infect cells the viral receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which is expressed in several organs including the liver.

Molecular and serology methods in the diagnosis of COVID-19: An overview.

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic, being a global health concern since December 2019 when the first cases were reported. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the COVID-19 causal agent, is a β-coronavirus that has on its surface the spike protein, which helps in its virulence and pathogenicity towards the host. Thus, effective and applicable diagnostic methods to this disease come as an important tool for the management of the patients.

Non-pharmacological management of pediatric functional abdominal pain disorders: Current evidence and future perspectives.

Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) are an important and prevalent cause of functional gastrointestinal disorders among children, encompassing the diagnoses of functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, abdominal migraine, and the one not previously present in Rome III, functional abdominal pain not otherwise specified. In the absence of sufficiently effective and safe pharmacological treatments for this public problem, non-pharmacological therapies emerge as a viable means of treating these patients, avoiding not only possible side effects, but also unnecessary prescription, since many of the pharmacological treatments prescribed do not have good efficacy when compared to placebo. Thus, the present study provides a review of current and relevant evidence on non-pharmacological management of FAPDs, covering the most commonly indicated treatments, from cognitive behavioral therapy to meditation, acupuncture, yoga, massage, spinal manipulation, moxibustion, and physical activities.

From infection to gastric cancer: Current evidence on the immune response.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the result of a multifactorial process whose main components are infection by (), bacterial virulence factors, host immune response and environmental factors. The development of the neoplastic microenvironment also depends on genetic and epigenetic changes in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, which results in deregulation of cell signaling pathways and apoptosis process. This review summarizes the main aspects of the pathogenesis of GC and the immune response involved in chronic inflammation generated by .

infection: How does age influence the inflammatory pattern?

The inflammatory pattern during () infection is changeable and complex. During childhood, it is possible to observe a predominantly regulatory response, evidenced by high concentrations of key cytokines for the maintenance of Treg responses such as TGF-β1 and IL-10, in addition to high expression of the transcription factor FOXP3. On the other hand, there is a predominance of cytokines associated with the Th1 and Th17 responses among -positive adults.

Relationship between Th17 immune response and cancer.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and epidemiological projections predict growing cancer mortality rates in the next decades. Cancer has a close relationship with the immune system and, although Th17 cells are known to play roles in the immune response against microorganisms and in autoimmunity, studies have emphasized their roles in cancer pathogenesis. The Th17 immune response profile is involved in several types of cancer including urogenital, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and skin cancers.

Oncolytic virus therapy in cancer: A current review.

In view of the advancement in the understanding about the most diverse types of cancer and consequently a relentless search for a cure and increased survival rates of cancer patients, finding a therapy that is able to combat the mechanism of aggression of this disease is extremely important. Thus, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have demonstrated great benefits in the treatment of cancer because it mediates antitumor effects in several ways. Viruses can be used to infect cancer cells, especially over normal cells, to present tumor-associated antigens, to activate "danger signals" that generate a less immune-tolerant tumor microenvironment, and to serve transduction vehicles for expression of inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines.

Highlighting COVID-19: What the imaging exams show about the disease.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a global emergency, is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The gold standard for its diagnosis is the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, but considering the high number of infected people, the low availability of this diagnostic tool in some contexts, and the limitations of the test, other tools that aid in the identification of the disease are necessary. In this scenario, imaging exams such as chest X-ray (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) have played important roles.

Tertiary peritonitis: A disease that should not be ignored.

Intra-abdominal infections can be classified into uncomplicated or complicated (peritonitis). Peritonitis is divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary. Tertiary peritonitis is the less common but the most severe among peritonitis stratifications, being defined as a recurrent intra-abdominal infection that occurs 48 h after a well-succeeded control of a secondary peritonitis.

Dynamics of Transmission of Urban Arbovirus Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya in Southwestern Region of Bahia, Brazil.

Arboviral diseases are disseminated all over the world. In Brazil, they remain neglected, alerting public authorities to possible outbreaks. Over here, we report the epidemiological indicators of Dengue from 2010 to 2015, Zika between 2015 and 2016, and Chikungunya from 2014 to 2016, within 19 municipalities of Southwestern Region of Bahia, Brazil.

Identification and characterization of resistance and pathogenicity of . in samples of donor breast milk.

Background: Breast milk is the primary source of nutrition for newborns. Hospitalized babies frequently need nutritional support from Human Milk Banks. As bacterial species of the genus are part of the microbiota of healthy donors, they may contaminate samples of pumped breast milk.