Identifying malignant mesothelioma by a pathological survey using the São Paulo state hospital cancer registry, Brazil.

Objective: To review the pathological diagnosis of possible cases and/or hidden cases of malignant mesothelioma (MM) between 2000 and 2012 using the Hospital-Based Cancer Registry database in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods: Possible cases were retrieved by assessing the database. Inclusion criteria were being older than 30 years of age and having ICD-O-3 topography and morphology codes related to MM.

Mesothelioma in situ with regressive malignant pleural effusion and an unexpected evolution: A case report.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive neoplasm that originates from hyperplasia and metaplasia of the mesothelial cells that cover the pleural cavity. Previous exposure to asbestos is the main risk factor. Since MPM is often diagnosed at an advanced stage with rapid evolution and resistance to treatment, it is associated with an unfavorable outcome.

Donor-Derived Transmission of Cryptococcus gattii sensu lato in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

We describe cases of donor-derived transmission of Cryptococcus deuterogattii in 2 kidney transplant recipients in Brazil and published information on other cases. Prompt reduction of immunosuppression and initiation of antifungal therapy was required to successfully control the fungal infections and preserve engraftment.

NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR IN A CHILD WITH COMMON VARIABLE IMMUNODEFICIENCY.

Objective: To report a case of a child with primary immunodeficiency who at eight years developed digestive symptoms, culminating with the diagnosis of a neuroendocrine tumor at ten years of age.

Case Description: One-year-old boy began to present recurrent pneumonias in different pulmonary lobes. At four years of age, an immunological investigation showed a decrease in IgG and IgA serum levels.

Lung cancer biopsy: Can diagnosis be changed after immunohistochemistry when the H&E-Based morphology corresponds to a specific tumor subtype?

Objectives: Advancements in non-small cell lung cancer treatment based on targeted therapies have made the differentiation between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma increasingly important. Pathologists are challenged to make the correct diagnosis in small specimens. We studied the accuracy of an immunohistochemical panel in subclassifying non-small cell lung cancer in routine small biopsies and compared the results with the diagnosis from resected lung specimens, autopsy samples or biopsied/resected metastases.

Juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis with pulmonary involvement and carcinomatous transformation.

Papilloma associated with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) infection types 6 and 11, is the most common benign neoplasm of the larynx. The clinical features of RRP vary widely from mild to aggressive forms. RRP in children is known as juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP).

Neuroendocrine tumors: An epidemiological study of 250 cases at a tertiary hospital.

Objective: To compare the frequency of neuroendocrine tumors in our service with that reported in the literature considering age, gender, location, degree of differentiation and increase in incidence by means of a retrospective study.

Method: Search of variables from a database of neuroendocrine tumor cases diagnosed at the Department of Pathological Sciences, Hospital da Santa Casa de São Paulo over the past 10 years, relating them to epidemiological data such as gender, age, distribution across organs, most-used immunohistochemical markers and presence or absence of either lymph node or distant metastases.

Results: In all, 250 cases were reviewed, 133 involving females, predominantly in the 61-70 age range.

Cardiac angiosarcoma: an unexpected diagnosis.

Cardiac angiosarcoma is a rare entity. The incidence through autopsy findings ranges between 0.001% and 0.

Differential elemental distribution of retained particles along the respiratory tract.

Context: Prolonged exposure to ambient particles is associated with premature mortality due to cardio-respiratory diseases and lung cancer. The size and composition of these particles determine their toxicity, which is aggravated by their long-term retention in the lungs.

Objective: To compare the elemental profile of particles retained along the bronchial tree and lymph nodes by combining laser capture microdissection (LCM) and elemental composition analysis through energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Abnormal alveolar attachments with decreased elastic fiber content in distal lung in fatal asthma.

Small airway disease is thought to contribute significantly to functional impairment caused by asthma. Functional evidence of airway-parenchyma uncoupling in asthma, such as loss of deep breath bronchodilator effect in bronchoconstrictive episodes and enhanced airway closure, has been previously demonstrated. Elastic fibers are essential to maintain adequate elastic recoil of the lungs.