Immunological responses, histopathological finding and disease resistance of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) exposed to treated and untreated municipal wastewater.

This study provides new information on the response of the immune system of Mytilus edulis exposed to untreated and treated sewage, linking immune response to ecologically relevant endpoints, such as disease resistance. Our goal was to assess the potential effects of sewage on the immune system (phagocytic activity and production of cytotoxic metabolites, disease resistance) and gills (light microscope) of mussels through a bioassay and field study in an estuarine receiving environment (RE). A semi-static experiment was developed in a wastewater treatment plant in New Glasgow, NS Canada.

Supplemental diagnosis of Kudoa funduli (Myxozoa) parasitizing Fundulus heteroclitus (Cyprinodontidae) from coastal northeastern North America.

The diagnosis of Kudoa funduli (Hahn, 1915) Meglitsch, 1948 (Myxozoa), is supplemented through study of new material collected from Fundulus heteroclitus (Cyprinodontidae) in coastal waters of Nova Scotia, Canada, and Connecticut. Plasmodia normally develop intracellularly in striated muscle of the flank and head, eventually rupturing and releasing spores. Spores disperse along adjacent epimysium, sometimes as far as the skin surface.