Outcomes of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Adults with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia.

 Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare inherited disease associated with impairment of mucociliary transport and, consequently, with a high incidence of chronic rhinosinusitis. For patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who remain symptomatic despite medical treatment, endoscopic sinus surgery is a safe and effective therapeutic option. However, to date, no studies have been found evaluating the effect of surgery on the quality of life associated with the effect on olfaction and nasal endoscopy findings of patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia and chronic rhinosinusitis.

High prevalence of olfactory dysfunction detected in treatment-naive patients with head and neck cancer.

Background: Previous studies demonstrated the difficulty of patients with Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) in sensing food taste, a function in which olfaction has a significant role. However, neither study employed psychophysical tests or control groups to establish the veracity of such complaints.

Aims/objectives: In this study, we quantitatively tested the olfactory function of HNC individuals and compared their function to that of healthy controls.

Association of air pollution with olfactory identification performance of São Paulo residents: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Exposure to particulate matter of 10 μm or less in diameter (PM) has been implicated in pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. However, the effect of PM on olfaction has not been well established. We estimated individual acute and chronic PM exposure levels in a large Brazilian cohort and related them to the ability to identify odors.

Chemosensory Dysfunction 3-Months After COVID-19, Medications and Factors Associated with Complete Recovery.

Objectives: To examine the longitudinal prevalence and recovery of olfactory, gustatory, and oral chemesthetic deficits in a sizable cohort of SARS-CoV-2 infected persons using quantitative testing. To determine whether demographic and clinical factors, mainly the medications used after the COVID-19 diagnosis, influence the test measures.

Methods: Prospective cohort in a hospital with primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary care.

Association between chemosensory impairment with neuropsychiatric morbidity in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome: results from a multidisciplinary cohort study.

Preliminary methodologically limited studies suggested that taste and smell known as chemosensory impairments and neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated in post-COVID-19. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether chemosensory dysfunction and neuropsychiatric impairments in a well-characterized post-COVID-19 sample. This is a cohort study assessing adult patients hospitalized due to moderate or severe forms of COVID-19 between March and August 2020.

Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection: relationship of central nervous system manifestations with physical disability and systemic inflammation.

Background: Despite the multitude of clinical manifestations of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), studies applying statistical methods to directly investigate patterns of symptom co-occurrence and their biological correlates are scarce.

Methods: We assessed 30 symptoms pertaining to different organ systems in 749 adults (age = 55 ± 14 years; 47% female) during in-person visits conducted at 6-11 months after hospitalization due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including six psychiatric and cognitive manifestations. Symptom co-occurrence was initially investigated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and latent variable modeling was then conducted using Item Response Theory (IRT).

Effectiveness and Adverse Effects of Tranexamic Acid in Bleeding during Adenotonsillectomy: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-blind Clinical Trial.

 Intra and postoperative bleeding are the most frequent and feared complications in adenotonsillectomy (AT). Tranexamic acid (TXA), which is known for its antifibrinolytic effects, has a proven benefit in reducing bleeding in hemorrhagic trauma and cardiac surgery; however, the effectiveness and timing of its application in AT have not yet been established.  We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of TXA in controlling bleeding during and after AT and assess its possible adverse effects in children.

Biopsy of the olfactory epithelium from the superior nasal septum: is it possible to obtain neurons without damaging olfaction?

Introduction: Olfactory epithelium biopsy has been useful for studying diverse otorhinolaryngological and neurological diseases, including the potential to better understand the pathophysiology behind COVID-19 olfactory manifestations. However, the safety and efficacy of the technique for obtaining human olfactory epithelium are still not fully established.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of harvesting olfactory epithelium cells, nerve bundles, and olfactory epithelium proper for morphological analysis from the superior nasal septum.

Olfactory Dysfunction in Frontline Health Care Professionals During COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil.

Upper respiratory viral infections can decrease the sense of smell either by inflammatory restriction of nasal airflow that carries the odorant molecules or through interference in olfactory sensory neuron function. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), worldwide reports of severe smell loss (anosmia/hyposmia) revealed a different type of olfactory dysfunction associated with respiratory virus infection. Since self-reported perception of smell is subjective and SARS-CoV-2 exposure is variable in the general population, we aimed to study a population that would be more homogeneously exposed to the virus.

Chemosensory Dysfunction in COVID-19: Prevalences, Recovery Rates, and Clinical Associations on a Large Brazilian Sample.

Objective: Our study aimed to measure the percentage of reported olfactory or taste losses and their severity, recovery time, and association with other features in a large cohort of patients with COVID-19.

Study Design: Prospective survey.

Setting: Quaternary medical center and online survey.

Safety and efficacy of superior turbinate biopsies as a source of olfactory epithelium appropriate for morphological analysis.

Purpose: There is no standardized approach for preserving olfactory function in the side of the nose where biopsy of the olfactory epithelium (OE) is performed. Moreover, a gold standard technique for obtaining human OE in vivo is still lacking. We determined the efficacy of obtaining good-quality OE specimens suitable for pathological analysis from the lower half of the superior turbinate and verified the safety of this procedure in maintaining bilateral and unilateral olfactory function.

Sinonasal inverted papilloma: rate of recurrence and malignant transformation in 44 operated patients.

Introduction: Although sinonasal inverted papillomas are benign lesions, they are locally aggressive and have a potential malignant transformation ranging from 5% to 15%, with a high recurrence rate.

Objective: The aim of this article is to describe the rate of recurrence and malignant transformation in patients with a diagnosis of inverted papilloma who underwent surgery in a tertiary hospital in São Paulo.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with sinonasal papilloma who had undergone surgery in a tertiary hospital in São Paulo, between August 1998 and August 2017.

Gustatory disturbances occur in patients with head and neck cancer who undergo radiotherapy not directed to the oral cavity.

Introduction: Even the most modern radiation techniques still result in some degree of toxicity to adjacent normal tissues. Consequently, the radiotherapy treatment in head and neck neoplasms potentially leads to gustatory dysfunction even in cases when the treatment area is outside or adjacent to the oral cavity. In this study we quantitatively and qualitatively assessed gustatory function in patients with head and neck cancers who underwent radiotherapy inside and outside of the oral cavity.

Nasal Polyposis: More than a Chronic Inflammatory Disorder-A Disease of Mechanical Dysfunction-The São Paulo Position.

 The importance of our study lies in the fact that we have demonstrated the occurrence of mechanical dysfunction within polypoid tissues, which promotes the development of polyps in the nasal cavity.  To change the paradigm of nasal polyposis (NP). In this new conception, the chronic nasal inflammatory process that occurs in response to allergies, to pollution, to changes in the epithelial barrier, or to other factors is merely the trigger of the development of the disease in individuals with a genetic predisposition to an abnormal tissue remodeling process, which leads to a derangement of the mechanical properties of the nasal mucosa and, consequently, allows it to grow unchecked.

Mucocele: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in 46 Operated Patients.

 Paranasal sinus mucocele is a benign, expansive lesion associated with paranasal sinus obstruction. It affects mostly adults, and is most common in the frontal and ethmoidal sinuses.  To evaluate outcomes in patients undergoing surgical treatment for paranasal sinus mucocele.

Is Olfactory Epithelium Biopsy Useful for Confirming Alzheimer's Disease?

Objectives: The clinical symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are preceded by a long asymptomatic period associated with "silent" deposition of aberrant paired helical filament (PHF)-tau and amyloid-beta proteins in brain tissue. Similar depositions have been reported within the olfactory epithelium (OE), a tissue that can be biopsied in vivo. The degree to which such biopsies are useful in identifying AD is controversial.

Relationship of socioeconomic status to olfactory function.

Socioeconomic status can significantly impact health. To what degree education and other socioeconomic factors influence the chemical sense of olfaction is not clear. Most studies that have assessed such influences come from countries lacking large disparities in education and income and generally view such measures as nuisance variables to be controlled for statistically.

Anatomical terminology of the internal nose and paranasal sinuses: cross-cultural adaptation to Portuguese.

Introduction: Functional endonasal endoscopic surgery is a frequent surgical procedure among otorhinolaryngologists. In 2014, the European Society of Rhinology published the "European Position Paper on the Anatomical Terminology of the Internal Nose and Paranasal Sinuses", aiming to unify the terms in the English language. We do not yet have a unified terminology in the Portuguese language.

The effects of adenoidectomy on the smell perception of children.

Background: In this study, we employed a novel children's olfactory test in order to more accurately assess the relationship between nasopharyngeal obstruction and odor identification ability. We quantified the impact of adenoidectomy on olfactory function, established whether the influences of the operation were related to the preoperative amount of nasopharyngeal obstruction, and determined whether sex influenced the olfactory measures.

Methods: Fifty-three boys and 23 girls were administered a standardized children's olfactory test, the Pediatric Smell Wheel™, before and 45 days after adenoidectomy.