In Silico Analysis of Non-Conventional Oxidative Stress-Related Enzymes and Their Potential Relationship with Carcinogenesis.

Carcinogenesis is driven by complex molecular events, often involving key enzymes that regulate oxidative stress (OS). While classical enzymes such as SOD, catalase, and GPx have been extensively studied, other, non-classical oxidative stress-related enzymes (OSRE) may play critical roles in cancer progression. We aimed to explore the role of OSRE involved in an OS scenario and to assess their potential contribution to carcinogenesis in some of the most prevalent cancer types.

Melatonin regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress in diverse pathophysiological contexts: A comprehensive mechanistic review.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for protein quality control, and disruptions in its function can lead to various diseases. ER stress triggers an adaptive response called the unfolded protein response (UPR), which can either restore cellular homeostasis or induce cell death. Melatonin, a safe and multifunctional compound, shows promise in controlling ER stress and could be a valuable therapeutic agent for managing the UPR.

Maternal protein restriction combined with postnatal sugar consumption alters liver proteomic profile and metabolic pathways in adult male offspring rats.

This study investigated the impact of maternal protein restriction (MPR) and early postnatal sugar consumption (SUG) on the liver health of adult male descendant rats. Male offspring of mothers fed a normal protein diet (NPD) or a low protein diet (LPD) were divided into four groups: Control (CTR), Sugar Control (CTR + SUG), LPD during gestation and lactation (GLLP), and LPD with sugar (GLLP + SUG). Sugar consumption (10% glucose diluted in water) began after weaning on day 21 (PND 21), and at 90 days (PND 90), rats were sacrificed for analysis.

Melatonin changes energy metabolism and reduces oncogenic signaling in ovarian cancer cells.

Ovarian cancer (OC) adjusts energy metabolism in favor of its progression and dissemination. Because melatonin (Mel) has antitumor actions, we investigated its impact on energy metabolism and kinase signaling in OC cells (SKOV-3 and CAISMOV-24). Cells were divided into control and Mel-treated groups, in the presence or absence of the antagonist luzindole.

Comprehensive Profiling and Therapeutic Insights into Differentially Expressed Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

: Drug repurposing is a strategy that complements the conventional approach of developing new drugs. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly prevalent type of liver cancer, necessitating an in-depth understanding of the underlying molecular alterations for improved treatment. : We searched for a vast array of microarray experiments in addition to RNA-seq data.

New approaches concerning the testis of Astyanax lacustris (Characidae): immunohistochemical studies.

Astyanax lacustris, locally known as lambari-do-rabo-amarelo, is a study model for Neotropical fish. Testis of A. lacustris shows deep morphophysiological changes throughout the annual reproductive cycle.

Naringenin and Hesperidin as Promising Alternatives for Prevention and Co-Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer.

Citrus (genus L.) fruits are essential sources of bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties, such as flavonoids. These polyphenolic compounds are divided into subclasses, in which flavanones are the most prominent.

Monitoring residues of pesticides in food in Brazil: A multiscale analysis of the main contaminants, dietary cancer risk estimative and mechanisms associated.

Introduction: Pesticides pose a risk for cancer development and progression. People are continuously exposed to such substances by several routes, including daily intake of contaminated food and water, especially in countries that are highly pesticide consumers and have very permissive legislation about pesticide contamination as Brazil. This work investigated the relationship among pesticides, food contamination, and dietary cancer risk.

Melatonin modulates the Warburg effect and alters the morphology of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line resulting in reduced viability and migratory potential.

Aims: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a primary neoplasm derived from hepatocytes with low responsiveness and recurrent chemoresistance. Melatonin is an alternative agent that may be helpful in treating HCC. We aimed to study in HuH 7.

Melatonin Reverses the Warburg-Type Metabolism and Reduces Mitochondrial Membrane Potential of Ovarian Cancer Cells Independent of MT1 Receptor Activation.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, and melatonin has shown various antitumor properties. Herein, we investigated the influence of melatonin therapy on energy metabolism and mitochondrial integrity in SKOV-3 cells and tested whether its effects depended on MT1 receptor activation. SKOV-3 cells were exposed to different melatonin concentrations, and experimental groups were divided as to the presence of MT1 receptors (melatonin groups) or receptor absence by RNAi silencing (siRNA MT1+melatonin).

COVID-19: The question of genetic diversity and therapeutic intervention approaches.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the largest pandemic in modern history with very high infection rates and considerable mortality. The disease, which emerged in China's Wuhan province, had its first reported case on December 29, 2019, and spread rapidly worldwide. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic and global health emergency.

The proteomic landscape of ovarian cancer cells in response to melatonin.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy with a highly negative prognosis. Melatonin is an indoleamine secreted by the pineal gland during darkness and has shown antitumor activity in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Herein, we investigated the influence of melatonin on the proteome of human ovarian carcinoma cells (SKOV-3 cell line) using the Ultimate 3000 LC Liquid NanoChromatography equipment coupled to a Q-Exactive mass spectrometry.

Voluntary Exercise Attenuates Hyperhomocysteinemia, But Does not Protect Against Hyperhomocysteinemia-Induced Testicular and Epididymal Disturbances.

The hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is toxic to the cells and associated with several diseases. Clinical studies have shown changes in plasma concentrations of Hcy after physical exercise. This study aimed to assess the effect of HHcy on testis, epididymis and sperm quality and to investigate whether voluntary exercise training protects this system against damage caused by HHcy in Swiss mice.

Melatonin-Loaded Nanocarriers: New Horizons for Therapeutic Applications.

The use of nanosized particles has emerged to facilitate selective applications in medicine. Drug-delivery systems represent novel opportunities to provide stricter, focused, and fine-tuned therapy, enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of chemical agents at the molecular level while reducing their toxic effects. Melatonin (-acetyl-5-methoxytriptamine) is a small indoleamine secreted essentially by the pineal gland during darkness, but also produced by most cells in a non-circadian manner from which it is not released into the blood.

Pterostilbene influences glycemia and lipidemia and enhances antioxidant status in the liver of rats that consumed sucrose solution.

Aims: The present study investigated the potential effects of pterostilbene (PT) on glycemic and lipid profiles, fat storage, cardiovascular indices, and hepatic parameters of rats fed with sucrose solution.

Main Methods: 24 male Wistar rats received either drinking water or a 40% sucrose solution over a period of 140 days. After this period, animals were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 6): Control (C), C + Pterostilbene (PT), Sucrose (S), and S + PT.

A meta-analysis of microRNA networks regulated by melatonin in cancer: Portrait of potential candidates for breast cancer treatment.

Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule with a broad spectrum of functions including widespread anti-cancer activities. Identifying how melatonin intervenes in complex molecular signaling at the gene level is essential to guide proper therapies. Using meta-analysis approach, herein we examined the role of melatonin in regulating the expression of 46 microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes in breast, oral, gastric, colorectal, and prostate cancers, and glioblastoma.

Long-term sucrose solution consumption causes metabolic alterations and affects hepatic oxidative stress in Wistar rats.

As the number of overweight and obese people has risen in recent years, there has been a parallel increase in the number of people with metabolic syndrome, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The consumption of artificially sweetened beverages contributes to these epidemics. This study investigated the long-term effects of ingestion of a 40% sucrose solution on serum and hepatic parameters in male Wistar rats ().

The role of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway in ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancers.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical sensors related to inflammation and tumorigenesis. Among all subtypes, the TLR4 is a highly described transmembrane protein involved in the inflammatory process. The TLR4/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signaling pathway has been implicated in oncogenic events in several tissues and is associated with survival of patients.

Melatonin Promotes Uterine and Placental Health: Potential Molecular Mechanisms.

The development of the endometrium is a cyclic event tightly regulated by hormones and growth factors to coordinate the menstrual cycle while promoting a suitable microenvironment for embryo implantation during the "receptivity window". Many women experience uterine failures that hamper the success of conception, such as endometrium thickness, endometriosis, luteal phase defects, endometrial polyps, adenomyosis, viral infection, and even endometrial cancer; most of these disturbances involve changes in endocrine components or cell damage. The emerging evidence has proven that circadian rhythm deregulation followed by low circulating melatonin is associated with low implantation rates and difficulties to maintain pregnancy.

Alcohol extract of Bauhinia forficata link reduces lipid peroxidation in the testis and epididymis of adult Wistar rats.

Bauhinia forficata is a medicinal plant that has flavonoid components with hypoglycemic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory action. Aim of this study is to evaluate the action of B. forficata alcoholic extract in the male genital system of adult male Wistar rats.

Mitochondrial functions and melatonin: a tour of the reproductive cancers.

Cancers of the reproductive organs have a strong association with mitochondrial defects, and a deeper understanding of the role of this organelle in preneoplastic-neoplastic changes is important to determine the appropriate therapeutic intervention. Mitochondria are involved in events during cancer development, including metabolic and oxidative status, acquisition of metastatic potential, resistance to chemotherapy, apoptosis, and others. Because of their origin from melatonin-producing bacteria, mitochondria are speculated to produce melatonin and its derivatives at high levels; in addition, exogenously administered melatonin accumulates in the mitochondria against a concentration gradient.

The role of sex hormones and steroid receptors on female reproductive cancers.

Sex steroids have been widely described to be associated with a number of human diseases, including hormone-dependent tumors. Several studies have been concerned about the factors regulating the availability of sex steroids and its importance in the pathophysiological aspects of the reproductive cancers in women. In premenopausal women, large fluctuations in the concentration of circulating estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) orchestrate many events across the menstrual cycle.

Increased toll-like receptors and p53 levels regulate apoptosis and angiogenesis in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: mechanism of action of P-MAPA biological response modifier.

Background: The new modalities for treating patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) for whom BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) has failed or is contraindicated are recently increasing due to the development of new drugs. Although agents like mitomycin C and BCG are routinely used, there is a need for more potent and/or less-toxic agents. In this scenario, a new perspective is represented by P-MAPA (Protein Aggregate Magnesium-Ammonium Phospholinoleate-Palmitoleate Anhydride), developed by Farmabrasilis (non-profit research network).

Cardiac energy metabolism and oxidative stress biomarkers in diabetic rat treated with resveratrol.

Resveratrol (RSV), polyphenol from grape, was studied to evaluate its effects on calorimetric parameters, energy metabolism, and antioxidants in the myocardium of diabetic rats. The animals were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8): C (control group): normal rats; C-RSV: normal rats receiving RSV; DM: diabetic rats; and DM-RSV: diabetics rats receiving RSV. Type 1 diabetes mellitus was induced with administration of streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg(-1) body weight, single dose, i.

Combined effects of age and diet-induced obesity on biochemical parameters and cardiac energy metabolism in rats.

Obesity is often associated with decreased fat oxidation and aging is a well-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study investigated calorimetric and morphometric parameters, as well as the glucose levels, lipid profile and cardiac energy metabolism in young and old, controls and obese rats. The animals were divided into four groups: Group I (GI): young rats fed normal diet for 75 days; Group II (GII): young rats fed hypercaloric diet (HD) for 75 days; Group III (GIII): old rats fed normal diet for 510 days; and Group IV (G IV): old rats fed HD for 510 days.