Causal Effect of Smoking and Cessation on Tooth Loss.

Aim: To estimate the causal effects of smoking and cessation on tooth loss using instrumental variable (IV) analysis.

Material And Methods: Data from the Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), conducted from 1995 to 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2012 in 50 U.S.

Risk factors of periodontal disease: Latin America and the Caribbean Consensus 2024.

There is scarcity of information on the determinants of periodontitis in Latin America and Caribbean countries. We conducted a comprehensive review of studies examining the association of smoking and diabetes with periodontitis outcomes in this region. We searched for population-based, cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies from Latin America and the Caribbean region that reported on the association between smoking or diabetes and periodontitis.

High free sugars, insulin resistance, and low socioeconomic indicators: the hubs in the complex network of non-communicable diseases in adolescents.

Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) predominantly affect adults, but pathophysiological changes begin decades earlier, as a continuum, with initial events apparent in adolescence. Hence, early identification and intervention are crucial for the prevention and management of NCDs. We investigated the complex network of socioeconomic, behavioral, and metabolic factors associated with the presence of NCD in Brazilian adolescents.

Do all individuals benefit equally from non-surgical periodontal therapy? Secondary analyses of systematic review data.

Aims: This study aimed to assess the variability and treatment effect heterogeneity in response to non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT).

Methods: Data from randomized controlled trials included in two recent systematic reviews on the effect of NSPT on mean clinical attachment loss (CAL), mean probing pocket depth (PPD), percentage of sites with bleeding on probing (%BOP), PPD ≤3 mm (%PD ≤3 mm), and C-reactive protein levels (CRP) at 3-12-month follow-up among adults with systemic diseases or conditions were used. In these trials, the control arms received no treatment, hygiene advice, or supragingival scaling.

Development of a nomogram for identifying periodontitis cases in Denmark.

Although self-reported health outcomes are of importance, attempts to validate a clinical applicable instrument (e.g., nomogram) combining sociodemographic and self-reported information on periodontitis have yet to be performed to identify periodontitis cases.

Oral conditions are associated with salt taste disability among American adults.

Aim: To explore the association between oral conditions and their interaction with salt taste disability among American adults.

Methods: Data from the 2013-2014 NHANES cycle were used (n = 2373). The exposures were periodontitis, defined by the 2017 EFP-AAP classification, dental caries, missing teeth, and edentulism, as per the DMF-T index, and xerostomia.

Incidence, mortality and survival rates of lip, oral cavity and salivary glands cancers in Singapore: A half-century time trend analysis (1968-2017).

Objectives: To examine trends in incidence and mortality and evaluate overall survival (OS) of oral cancer in Singapore between 1968 and 2017.

Methods: All diagnosed oral cancers by anatomical sites and population size were extracted from the Singapore Cancer Registry and the Department of Statistics Singapore. The trend of age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and mortality rate (ASMR) (per 100 000 person-years) of the lip, oral cavity and salivary gland cancers were evaluated by Prais-Winsten regressions for each ethnicity and gender.

Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and periodontitis among adults: A population-based cross-sectional study.

Aim: Investigating the association between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and periodontitis and whether the awareness of diabetes modifies this relationship.

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) data involving US adults aged 30-50. Periodontitis was classified according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and American Academy of Periodontology (CDC-AAP), and SSB consumption as dichotomous (<5 or ≥5, <7 or ≥7 and <14 or ≥14 times/week), ordinal and continuous variables.

Chewing Disability Is Associated With Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: Chewing disability is associated with impaired quality of life, potentially leading to depression, and cognitive impairment. Although the chewing-ability-cognition relationship has been explored, examining whether depression mediates this relationship remains unclear. We investigated the association between chewing disability and cognitive impairment development and a potential mediation via depression among older persons.

Oral and systemic health in Singapore: Revisiting the past to define the future.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify studies exploring oral and systemic conditions using Singapore data.

Methods: Studies were searched using the databases PubMed, Embase and Web of Science, with no publication date or language restrictions. Studies analysing Singaporean data were included in this review.

Advancing Universal Oral Health Coverage via Person-Centred Outcomes.

The World Health Organization member states proposed a comprehensive "Global Strategy on Oral Health," which includes achieving universal oral health coverage by 2030. Challenges and barriers, including persistent inequalities, will hamper the achievement of universal oral health coverage. In low- and middle-income countries, the oral health of a large proportion of the population has been neglected, increasing oral health inequalities.

Federated and distributed learning applications for electronic health records and structured medical data: a scoping review.

Objectives: Federated learning (FL) has gained popularity in clinical research in recent years to facilitate privacy-preserving collaboration. Structured data, one of the most prevalent forms of clinical data, has experienced significant growth in volume concurrently, notably with the widespread adoption of electronic health records in clinical practice. This review examines FL applications on structured medical data, identifies contemporary limitations, and discusses potential innovations.

Obesity, Insulin Resistance, Caries, and Periodontitis: Syndemic Framework.

(1) Background: To investigate the grouping of obesity and insulin resistance with caries and periodontitis from a syndemic perspective through pathways of socioeconomic inequalities, smoking, alcohol, and high sugar consumption in adolescence. (2) Methods: The population-based RPS Cohort study, São Luís, Brazil, in ages 18-19 years ( = 2515) was used. The outcomes were the grouping of pbesity and Insulin Resistance Phenotype (latent variable formed by Triglycerides/HDL ratio, TyG index, and VLDL) and the Chronic Oral Disease Burden (latent variable comprising caries, bleeding on probing, probing depth ≥ 4 mm, clinical attachment level ≥ 3 mm, and visible plaque index ≥ 15%).

JAK/STAT as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Osteolytic Diseases.

Several cytokines with major biological functions in inflammatory diseases exert their functions through the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signal transduction pathway. JAKs phosphorylate the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor, inducing the activation of its substrates, mainly the proteins known as STATs. STATs bind to these phosphorylated tyrosine residues and translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, further regulating the transcription of several genes that regulate the inflammatory response.

Intake and serum levels of micronutrients and chronic oral diseases burden.

Objective: To investigate pathways from micronutrient intake and serum levels to Chronic Oral Diseases Burden.

Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from NHANES III (n = 7936) and NHANES 2011-2014 (n = 4929). The exposure was the intake and serum levels of vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus.

Confounding in observational studies evaluating the association between Alzheimer's disease and periodontal disease: A systematic review.

Background: Studies investigating the association between periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease (AD) suggested indirect (periodontitis would increase the circulation of inflammation-inducible molecules) and direct (periodontopathogens might colonize brains affected by Alzheimer's disease) pathways. While there seems to be a positive relationship between periodontitis and AD, concerns have been raised about the role of confounding.

Aim: To systematically review the literature to assess confounding and their level of heterogeneity in the association between periodontitis and AD.

The Role of Dyslipidemia in Periodontitis.

Studies have suggested an important role of dyslipidemia, a condition with alterations in blood lipid levels, in promoting an additional effect on periodontal breakdown. Thus, this study aimed to explore the theoretical pathways associated with dyslipidemia and periodontitis. We used data from 11,917 US adults with complete periodontal examinations participating in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III).

Salivary cytokine expression after non-surgical periodontal therapy in smokers: 12-month follow-up.

Background: Diverse smoking trajectories may influence cytokine expression after non-surgical periodontal therapy and supportive periodontal care. Thus, we aimed to describe cytokine profiles in periodontal healing after periodontal therapy in smokers.

Methods: A smoking cessation program and non-surgical periodontal therapy were offered to 80 smokers with periodontitis.

Dietary vitamin D and calcium and periodontitis: A population-based study.

Aim: This study aimed to explore the relationship between dietary vitamin D and calcium intake and periodontitis among adults and whether it differs from males to females.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of a population-based cohort study with adults aged 20 to 60 from Southern Brazil. Intake of vitamin D and calcium were gathered in 2012 using two 24h-dietary recalls.

Sugar intake above international recommendations and oral disease burden: A population-based study.

Objective: To evaluate the association between added sugar intake above the daily limit for the risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and the Chronic Oral Disease Burden in adolescents.

Methods: This was a population-based study using cross-sectional data nested to RPS Cohorts Consortium, São Luís, Brazil, from the 18-19-year-old follow-up (n = 2515). High consumption of added sugars was estimated according to the limits of the World Health Organization guidelines (WHO) (≥5% of total energy/day) and the American Heart Association statement (AHA) (≥25 g/day).

Impact of public health and higher education policies on the profile of final-year Brazilian dental students: Challenges and future developments.

Introduction: Brazil has experienced transformations in higher education and health services, including launching more inclusive public policies focused on these two areas.

Objective: To evaluate the profile of final-year dental students from a Brazilian public university from 2010 to 2019, accompanied by changes in public health and higher education policies.

Methods: A prospective observacional study was carried out with final-year dental students.

Precursors of insulin resistance underlying periodontitis in adolescents aged 17-18 years.

Objective: To investigate the association between insulin resistance markers and periodontitis in adolescents, analyzing confounder variables and the adiposity as a mediator.

Methods: This is population-based study is representative of adolescents aged 17-18 years from public schools in São Luís, Brazil (n = 405). Insulin resistance was assessed using the Model of Assessment of the Homeostasis of the Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA-IR) and its percussor triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-c).