Publications by authors named "Fabio Cavallaro"
Background: Airway closure causes lack of communication between proximal airways and alveoli, making tidal inflation start only after a critical airway opening pressure is overcome. The authors conducted a matched cohort study to report the existence of this phenomenon among obese patients undergoing general anesthesia.
Methods: Within the procedures of a clinical trial during gynecological surgery, obese patients underwent respiratory/lung mechanics and lung volume assessment both before and after pneumoperitoneum, in the supine and Trendelenburg positions, respectively.
Objectives: To review and update the evidence on predictors of poor outcome (death, persistent vegetative state or severe neurological disability) in adult comatose survivors of cardiac arrest, either treated or not treated with controlled temperature, to identify knowledge gaps and to suggest a reliable prognostication strategy.
Methods: GRADE-based systematic review followed by expert consensus achieved using Web-based Delphi methodology, conference calls and face-to-face meetings. Predictors based on clinical examination, electrophysiology, biomarkers and imaging were included.
Objectives: To review and update the evidence on predictors of poor outcome (death, persistent vegetative state or severe neurological disability) in adult comatose survivors of cardiac arrest, either treated or not treated with controlled temperature, to identify knowledge gaps and to suggest a reliable prognostication strategy.
Methods: GRADE-based systematic review followed by expert consensus achieved using Web-based Delphi methodology, conference calls and face-to-face meetings. Predictors based on clinical examination, electrophysiology, biomarkers and imaging were included.
We report 3 cases of fulminant hemorrhagic pneumonia in previously health patients. Sudden-onset hemoptysis and dyspnea developed; all 3 patients and died <12 h later of massive pulmonary bleeding, despite aggressive supportive care. Postmortem analysis showed that the illnesses were caused by group A Streptococcus emm1/sequence type 28 strains.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims And Methods: To systematically review the accuracy of early (≤7 days) predictors of poor outcome, defined as death or vegetative state (Cerebral Performance Categories [CPC] 4-5) or death, vegetative state or severe disability (CPC 3-5), in comatose adult survivors from cardiac arrest (CA) treated using therapeutic hypothermia (TH). Electronic databases were searched for eligible studies. Sensitivity, specificity, and false positive rates (FPR) for each predictor were calculated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims And Methods: To systematically review the accuracy of early (≤7 days) predictors of poor outcome defined as death or vegetative state (Cerebral Performance Categories [CPC] 4-5) or death, vegetative state or severe disability (CPC 3-5) in comatose survivors from cardiac arrest not treated using therapeutic hypothermia (TH). PubMed, Scopus and the Cochrane Database of Systematic reviews were searched for eligible studies. Sensitivity, specificity, false positive rates (FPR) for each predictor were calculated and results of predictors with similar time points and outcome definitions were pooled.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To systematically review the accuracy of the variation in pulse oxymetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude (∆POP) and the Pleth Variability Index (PVI) as predictors of fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated adults.
Methods: MEDLINE, Scopus and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were screened for clinical studies in which the accuracy of ∆POP/PVI in predicting the hemodynamic response to a subsequent fluid bolus had been investigated. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to summarize the results.
Aim: To compare the outcome of organs retrieved from patients brain dead due to cardiac arrest (CA) with that of organs retrieved from patients brain dead due to other causes (non-CA).
Methods: Systematic review. Clinical studies comparing the outcome of patients and organs retrieved from donors brain dead after being resuscitated from cardiac arrest with that of patients and organs retrieved from donors brain dead not due to cardiac arrest were considered for inclusion.
Purpose: To identify factors associated with candidate outcome in the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) advanced life support (ALS) provider courses.
Methods: Medical doctors participating as candidates to consecutive ALS courses organised by an ERC training centre in Italy were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. The association between the ALS course outcome and candidate demographics, professional background and pre-course knowledge measured by using the pre-course multiple choice quiz (MCQ) was investigated by using logistic regression.
Purpose: To systematically review the published evidence on the ability of passive leg raising-induced changes in cardiac output (PLR-cCO) and in arterial pulse pressure (PLR-cPP) to predict fluid responsiveness.
Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were screened. Clinical trials on human adults published as full-text articles in indexed journals were included.
Background: The effect of the nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) on the duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) has not been extensively investigated. This study aims to determine whether the NTIS is associated with the duration of MV in patients admitted to the ICU.
Methods: We evaluated all patients admitted over a 6-year period to our ICU who underwent invasive MV and had measurement of serum free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) performed in the first 4 days after ICU admission and, subsequently, at least every 8 days during the time they received MV.
Design: Review.
Objective: Medical literature on in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) was reviewed to summarise: (a) the incidence of and survival after IHCA, (b) major prognostic factors, (c) possible interventions to improve survival.
Results And Conclusions: The incidence of IHCA is rarely reported in the literature.
Unlabelled: We investigated the haemodynamic response to the mental stress induced by being evaluated as a team leader in simulated advanced life support (ALS) scenarios.
Methods: Healthcare providers participating as candidates to ALS courses were monitored while acting as team leaders in a cardiac arrest testing scenario (CASTest). Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured before, during and after the CASTest.
Introduction: The use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) by lay rescuers can reduce the time to defibrillation, improving survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. However, some people have hearing defects that can prevent them from understanding the AED verbal prompts. Moreover, even rescuers with normal hearing function may not easily understand the AED verbal prompts when operating in a noisy environment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To evaluate the factors affecting the outcome of in-hospital cardiac arrest.
Setting: A 1400-bed tertiary care teaching hospital with a dedicated cardiac arrest team (CAT). The CAT was immediately available in monitored areas (intensive care unit and emergency room).
Objective: To investigate the response to cardiac arrest in general wards.
Methods: Direct interview with the cardiac arrest team (CAT) members in 32 hospitals in Rome, Italy.
Results: The majority of CATs are activated by telephone but only two (6%) hospitals have a dedicated telephone number for emergency calls.