Bladder Dysfunction and Re-Absorbable Bulking Agent Affect Success Rate in Children Underwent Endoscopic Treatment for Vesicoureteral Reflux: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study.

This paper is designed to evaluate the results (at long-term follow-up of) children affected by dilating VUR. Our attention was focused on how VUR grade, laterality, bladder dysfunction (BD), the double renal system, and the type of bulking substance may affect VUR resolution in the long-term period. The charts of 93 children with dilating VUR who underwent endoscopic treatment (ET) and with a minimum post-operative follow-up of 7 years were reviewed (mean follow-up time was 9.

Idiopathic neonatal hemoperitoneum presented as scrotal hematoma: it's a diagnostic challenge?

Background: Idiopathic hemoperitoneum in the newborn is an entity very rarely encountered in clinical practice.

Case Presentation: A case of scrotal hemorrhage (SH) associated with intrabdominal hemorrhaging and acute anemia is presented. Indications for early surgery included a massive scrotal hematoma, rapid onset of severe anemia, and unknown etiology.

COVID-19 pandemic in the neonatal intensive care unit: any effect on late-onset sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis?

The study was aimed at describing potential indirect effects of pandemic-related measures on very-low-birthweight infants in four Italian NICUs. No overall change in late-onset sepsis (LOS) and necrotizing enterocolitis was documented. However, in the NICU where baseline LOS rate was high, a significant reduction in LOS incidence was recorded.

A Rare Case of Mesenteric Chylous Cyst in Infant: Case Report and Review of Literature.

The occurrence of a mesenteric cyst (MC) is common in adults while in children and in infants is rare. In adults mesenteric cysts are often asymptomatic and discovered incidentally; however, in children they commonly present with symptoms of abdominal pain or distension with fever and leucocytosis. We report on a rare case, in our experience, of Mesenteric Chylous cyst (MCC) in an infant with signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction.

Development in the surgical treatment of acute appendicitis: A single-center experience.

Purpose: Laparoscopy has become the treatment of choice for acute appendicitis. The aim of the study was to compare open (OA) and laparoscopic (LA) approaches in all forms of acute appendicitis.

Methodology: Two hundred and ninety-two children underwent appendectomy (238 LA/54 OA).

Bedside surgery in the newborn infants: survey of the Italian society of pediatric surgery.

Introduction: This is the report of the first official survey from the Italian Society of Pediatric Surgery (ISPS) to appraise the distribution and organization of bedside surgery in the neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in Italy.

Methods: A questionnaire requesting general data, staff data and workload data of the centers was developed and sent by means of an online cloud-based software instrument to all Italian pediatric surgery Units.

Results: The survey was answered by 34 (65%) out of 52 centers.

Prospective Study on Several Urinary Biomarkers as Indicators of Renal Damage in Children with CAKUT.

Purpose:  The aim of the study was to investigate urinary levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), epidermal growth factor (EGF), β-2-microglobulin (β2M), and FAS-ligand (FAS-L) in children with congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) disease at risk of developing glomerular hyperfiltration syndrome. For this reason, we selected patients with multicystic kidney, renal agenesia and renal hypodysplasia, or underwent single nephrectomy.

Materials And Methods:  This prospective, multicentric study was conducted in collaboration between the Pediatric Surgery Unit in Foggia and the Pediatric Nephrology Unit in Bari, Italy.

Urinary excretion of EGF and MCP-1 in children with vesicoureteral reflux.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the urinary concentration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) as reflux nephropathy (RN) biomarkers before and after endoscopic treatment of moderate to severe vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR).

Materials And Methods: A prospective study was carried out on 72 children with moderate to severe VUR. All patients underwent endoscopic treatment using Macroplastique ® or Deflux®.

Limits and advantages of abdominal ultrasonography in children with acute appendicitis syndrome.

Background: Graded compression ultrasonography (US) has become the most popular technique used in suspected appendicitis and in our prospective study, we have evaluated its contribution to the diagnosis of acute appendicitis during the period 2010-2013.

Materials And Methods: Four hundred and eighty children underwent urgent abdominal suspected of having acute appendicitis. Patients were divided into operated groups; (220 patients) and non-operated (260 patients) the final diagnosis was established on histopathological findings in the first group and on the phone interview in the second one.

A Rare Case of Neonatal Complicated Appendicitis in a Child with Patau's Syndrome.

Neonatal appendicitis is a rare condition with high mortality rate. Signs and symptoms are often nonspecific, imaging modalities are not always diagnostic, and preoperative diagnosis is difficult with subsequent delay and complications. Its pathophysiology may be different from appendicitis in older children and comorbidities can be found.

"Extended" Sistrunk procedure in the treatment of recurrent thyroglossal duct cysts: a 10-year experience.

Objective: We report a 10-year experience of children with recurrent thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs) who have been treated using the "extended" Sistrunk procedure.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of TGDC surgery from 2004 to 2013. Sistrunk operation was the procedure of choice in all patients.

A report of a giant epidermoid splenic cyst.

Splenic cysts are uncommon lesions and are classified as true or pseudocysts based on the presence of an epithelial lining. True congenital cysts can be epidermoid, dermoid or endodermoid and require surgery when large, sympthomatic or complicated. Ultrasonography and computerised tomography scan are useful for diagnosis and serum test for echinococcosis should be done.

Sigmoid volvulus in a neonate: case report and review of literature.

Sigmoid volvulus (SV) is an extremely rare cause of bowel obstruction in the newborn period. We report a neonatal case of SV misdiagnosed as small bowel volvulus. At laparotomy, the classical findings of SV were observed without gangrene.

Laparascopic-assisted nephroureterectomy for shaped urolithiasis and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: case report and review of literature.

We report a case of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) complicated by shaped urolithiasis, severe hydroureteronephrosis and kidney exclusion treated by laparoscopic-assisted nephroureterectomy. A 9 year-old boy was referred to us for recurrent episodes of urinary tract infection, abdominal pain and severe hydronephrosis. Abdominal CT and a Tc-99m MAG3 scan showed a non-functioning obstructed kidney with shaped urolithiasis of the distal ureter.

Urinary epidermal growth factor, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and β2-microglobulin in children with ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Background/purpose: We demonstrated down-regulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and up-regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in the renal parenchyma in children who underwent pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). These findings were paralleled by urinary levels of EGF and MCP-1 before and after surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the urinary excretion of these cytokines and β2-microglobulin (β2M) in children with urine flow impairment at the ureteropelvic junction or who underwent pyeloplasty.

Polydimethylsiloxane (macroplastique®) injection for vesicoureteral reflux in duplex ureters: a comparison with single renal systems.

Objective: VUR in patients with a duplex system (DS) is often treated by open surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of subureteric polydimethylsiloxane (Macroplastique(®)) injection (SMING) in the management of VUR in duplex and single (SS) renal systems.

Patients And Methods: Fifteen children (24 refluxing renal units) with VUR in DS underwent SMING.

Role of transanal endorectal pull-through in complicated Hirschsprung's disease: experience in 18 patients.

Background/purpose: In Hirschsprung's disease (HD) redo pull-through (PT) is indicated for anastomotic complications and for persistent aganglionosis after previous definitive surgery. This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of transanal approach to redo PT procedure in the management of complicated cases of HD over the last 7 years.

Patients And Methods: Between November 1998 and September 2005, 225 patients with HD were operated using the transanal endorectal PT (TEPT) approach.

Defective in vitro contractility of ureteropelvic junction in children with functional and obstructive urine flow impairment.

Background/purpose: Studies of children with urinary flow impairment (UFI) at the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) have revealed prestenotic, stenotic, and poststenotic histologic changes. Muscle function, however, has not been investigated. We therefore evaluated in vitro UPJ contractility by tensiometry in children with UFI.

Endoscopic treatment with polydimethylsiloxane in children with dilating vesico-ureteric reflux.

Objective: To report our experience of treating dilating vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR) in children, using an injectable form of polydimethylsiloxane (Macroplastique, MPQ; Uroplasty BV, Geleen, The Netherlands), as medical treatment for moderate or severe VUR is associated with a high proportion of persistence or development of new scars.

Patients And Methods: The study included 32 children (40 ureters) with VUR; 13 (32%) were grade III, 20 (50%) grade IV and seven (18%) grade V. They were treated over a period of 42 months, 66% for some form of bladder dysfunction and 38% had associated diseases.