Publications by authors named "Fabiano N"
The United States Food and Drug Administration approved xanomeline-trospium combination for schizophrenia on September-26-2024. We conducted a PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic review with random-effects meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of xanomeline-trospium in randomized controlled trials in patients with schizophrenia (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, PsycINFO, October-01-2024). Co-primary outcomes were Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score (standardized mean difference=SMD), and all-cause discontinuation (risk ratio=RR).
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- * Both male and female schizophrenia patients faced higher risks of all-cause mortality, suicide, and natural causes, but no significant differences were found between the sexes in these risks.
- * Young females (<40) showed a notably higher mortality risk compared to older females, while males faced a much greater risk of dying from neurological disorders than females, indicating a need for better healthcare interventions.
Importance: Interest in and use of hallucinogens has been increasing rapidly. While a frequently raised concern is that hallucinogens may be associated with an increased risk of psychosis, there are limited data on this association.
Objectives: To examine whether individuals with an emergency department (ED) visit involving hallucinogen use have an increased risk of developing a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD).
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- A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the effects of weighted blankets on sleep and mental health in psychiatric patients, reviewing studies up to December 2023.
- The analysis included nine studies with a total of 553 participants, finding that weighted blankets showed improvements in sleep and anxiety symptoms compared to control groups, specifically with a significant reduction in anxiety (SMD = -0.47).
- Despite some positive findings, the research is limited due to issues like varying outcome measures, small sample sizes, and a lack of well-designed randomized controlled trials, indicating a need for higher quality studies in the future.
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- * A study in Ontario analyzed data from over 6,000 patients with eating disorders, revealing significant correlations between electrolyte issues and increased risks of hospitalization, cardiac events, and mortality.
- * The most common electrolyte abnormalities found were hypokalaemia and hyponatraemia, with those affected showing a higher mortality rate (15.7%) compared to those without such abnormalities (5.6%).
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- It can be hard to figure out if taking mental health medications during pregnancy is safe for both the mom and the baby.
- Researchers looked at a lot of studies to see if these medications cause any health problems for pregnant people or their babies.
- They found some evidence that certain medications might lead to issues like preterm birth or birth defects, but overall, there wasn’t strong proof that taking these medications is dangerous during pregnancy.
To further explore the role of different antipsychotic treatments for cardio-cerebrovascular mortality, we performed several subgroup, sensitivity and meta-regression analyses based on a large previous meta-analysis focusing on cohort studies assessing mortality relative risk (RR) for cardio-cerebrovascular disorders in people with schizophrenia, comparing antipsychotic treatment versus no antipsychotic. Quality assessment through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and publication bias was measured. We meta-analyzed 53 different studies (schizophrenia patients: n = 2,513,359; controls: n = 360,504,484) to highlight the differential effects of antipsychotic treatment regimens on cardio-cerebrovascular-related mortality in incident and prevalent samples of patients with schizophrenia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMeta-research, also known as "research on research" is a field of study that investigates the methods, reporting, reproducibility, evaluation, and incentives along the research continuum. Meta-research literacy is imperative to ensure high quality, transparent and reproducible primary data or meta-research products. In this commentary, we propose that early career researchers should be trained in meta-research as a foundation to develop a deeper understanding of the research process and ability to appraise the research literature and design high-quality original studies, irrespective of their chosen field of study.
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- Systematic reviews help researchers gather and analyze existing information on a topic, finding both what is known and what is missing.
- Traditional ways of doing these reviews can take too long and be complicated because there’s so much information out there.
- New AI tools are coming out that can help make this process faster and better, and researchers need to mention which tools they used so others can follow their steps.
Objective: The aim of the study is to review and synthesize the literature on high-dose buprenorphine initiation (>12-mg total dose on day of initiation).
Methods: A scoping review of literature about high-dose buprenorphine initiation was conducted. MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Central were searched.
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- Delirium is a common problem that can happen to people in many different situations, but we don’t know enough about how to prevent or treat it.
- Researchers looked at tons of studies to find out what methods work best to prevent delirium and found some strong evidence that certain medications and assessments help, especially for older adults and children during surgery.
- The study suggests that different groups of people may need different treatments, and more research is needed to understand how to help in non-surgical settings.
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- Dimenhydrinate is an over-the-counter medication used to treat nausea and motion sickness, but chronic high-dose use may lead to cognitive issues, particularly concerning dementia.
- A case study details a woman in her 40s who abused dimenhydrinate daily and developed a minor neurocognitive disorder along with delusional beliefs, although other health conditions and lifestyle factors also played a role.
- This report highlights increasing concerns about long-term cognitive effects of anticholinergic medications, which were previously thought to primarily affect older adults.
Background: Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) cause fibrosis of lung parenchyma, leading to impaired quality of life, dyspnea, and functional decline. Individuals with ILD experience a high prevalence of anxiety and depression. Recent research has demonstrated pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) alleviates symptoms of anxiety and depression in those with COPD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThere has been a resurgence of interest in the use of psychedelic therapies for several mental and substance use disorders. Psilocybin, a "classic" serotonergic psychedelic, has emerged as one of the primary compounds of interest in clinical research. While research on psilocybin's potential mental health benefits has grown, data on the safety and efficacy of other serotonergic psychedelics remain limited.
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- P-hacking, a practice of selectively analyzing data until results appear significant, was investigated in the field of imaging research to see if it was present.
- The study analyzed nearly 1 million abstracts from imaging journals and assessed p-values using a random sampling method and a statistical test to look for patterns indicative of p-hacking.
- Results showed that p-values did not cluster just below the significant threshold (0.05), and no evidence of p-hacking was found across multiple decades of data, suggesting that such practices are not prevalent in imaging research.