Disposable Voltammetric Immunosensors Integrated with Microfluidic Platforms for Biomedical, Agricultural and Food Analyses: A Review.

Disposable immunosensors are analytical devices used for the quantification of a broad variety of analytes in different areas such as clinical, environmental, agricultural and food quality management. They detect the analytes by means of the strong interactions between antibodies and antigens, which provide concentration-dependent signals. For the herein highlighted voltammetric immunosensors, the analytical measurements are due to changes in the electrical signals on the surface of the transducers.

Electrochemical immunosensors - A powerful tool for analytical applications.

Immunosensors are biosensors based on interactions between an antibody and antigen on a transducer surface. Either antibody or antigen can be the species immobilized on the transducer to detect antigen or antibody, respectively. Because of the strong binding forces between these biomolecules, immunosensors present high selectivity and very high sensitivity, making them very attractive for many applications in different science fields.

Fast analysis of terbutaline in pharmaceuticals using multi-walled nanotubes modified electrodes from recordable compact disc.

In this study, homemade disposable gold electrodes made from recordable compact disks were modified with carbon nanotubes for amperometric quantification of terbutaline sulfate in pharmaceutical products. A flow cell using an impingent jet of solution on the electrode surface was build and used for amperometric detection, and a series of experiments were carried out to find the best experimental conditions for the new electrode in a specially designed cell. A linear response for terbutaline was obtained in the range from 3.

Quantification of terbinafine in pharmaceutical tablets using capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection and batch injection analysis with amperometric detection.

Terbinafine hydrochloride (TerbHCl) is an allylamine derivative with fungicidal action, especially against dermatophytes. Different analytical methods have been reported for quantifying TerbHCl in different samples. These procedures require time-consuming sample preparation or expensive instrumentation.

Determination of ciclopirox olamine in pharmaceutical products by capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection.

This paper describes the determination of ciclopirox olamine in pharmaceutical formulations using capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. In an alkaline medium, ciclopirox olamine is converted into an anionic species and its detection is possible in capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection without an electroosmotic flow modifier, because it is a low-mobility species. A linear working range from 2.

Fast and accurate analysis of drugs using amperometry associated with flow injection analysis.

This review presents a general overview about the amperometric detection potentialities associated to flow injection analysis (FIA). Fundamental aspects, developments, applications and advantages accrued from the coupling of voltammetry with FIA for pharmaceutical analyses are discussed. The selected references present several examples for this association in various classes of drugs and support their advantages.

Flow injection analysis using carbon film resistor electrodes for amperometric determination of ambroxol.

Flow injection analysis (FIA) using a carbon film sensor for amperometric detection was explored for ambroxol analysis in pharmaceutical formulations. The specially designed flow cell designed in the lab generated sharp and reproducible current peaks, with a wide linear dynamic range from 5x10(-7) to 3.5x10(-4) mol L(-1), in 0.

Fast ultrasound-assisted treatment of urine samples for chronopotentiometric stripping determination of mercury at gold film electrodes.

This work describes an efficient, fast, and reliable analytical methodology for mercury determination in urine samples using stripping chronopotentiometry at gold film electrodes. The samples were sonicated in the presence of concentrated HC1 and H2O2 for 15 min in order to disrupt the organic ligands and release the mercury. Thirty samples can be treated over the optimized region of the ultrasonic bath.

Carbon film resistor electrode for amperometric determination of acetaminophen in pharmaceutical formulations.

Flow injection analysis (FIA) with amperometric detection was employed for acetaminophen quantification in pharmaceutical formulations using a carbon film resistor electrode. This sensor exhibited sharp and reproducible current peaks for acetaminophen without chemical modification of its surface. A wide linear working range (8.

Epinephrine quantification in pharmaceutical formulations utilizing plant tissue biosensors.

A plant tissue biosensor associated with flow injection analysis is proposed to determine epinephrine in pharmaceutical samples. The polyphenol oxidase enzymes present in the fibers of a palm tree fruits (Livistona chinensis), catalyses the oxidation of epinephrine to epinephrinequinone as a primary product. This product is then electrochemically reduced (at -0.

Determination of salbutamol in syrups by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection (CE-C(4)D).

This paper describes the separation and quantification of salbutamol in pharmaceutical products (salbutamol syrups) by capillary electrophoresis (CE) with contactless conductivity detection (C(4)D). The system was studied by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) and free solution capillary electrophoresis (FSCE), being the latter chosen in function of best resolution and sensitivity in comparison with the MEKC method. CE-C(4)D was applied to analysis of salbutamol in syrups utilizing 1.